Understanding Simulated Causes of Damaging Surface Winds in a Derecho-Producing Mesoscale Convective System near the East China Coast Based on Convection-Permitting Simulations

A mesoscale convective system(MCS) occurred over the East China coastal provinces and the East China Sea on 30April 2021, producing damaging surface winds near the coastal city Nantong with observed speeds reaching 45 m s^(–1). A simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with a 1.5-km grid spacing generally reproduces the development and subsequent organization of this convective system into an MCS, with an eastward protruding bow segment over the sea. In the simulation, an east-west-oriented high wind swath is generated behind the gust front of the MCS. Descending dry rear-to-front inflows behind the bow and trailing gust front are found to feed the downdrafts in the main precipitation regions. The inflows help to establish spreading cold outflows and enhance the downdrafts through evaporative cooling. Meanwhile, front-to-rear inflows from the south are present, associated with severely rearward-tilted updrafts initially forming over the gust front. Such inflows descend behind(north of) the gust front, significantly enhancing downdrafts and near-surface winds within the cold pool. Consistently, calculated trajectories show that these parcels that contribute to the derecho originate primarily from the region ahead(south) of the east-west-oriented gust front, and dry southwesterly flows in the low-to-middle levels contribute to strong downdrafts within the MCS. Moreover, momentum budget analyses reveal that a large westward-directed horizontal pressure gradient force within the simulated cold pool produced rapid flow acceleration towards Nantong. The analyses enrich the understanding of damaging wind characteristics over coastal East China and will prove helpful to operational forecasters.

非小细胞肺癌患者与健康对照组的脑皮层结构差异的回顾性研究

目的:分析非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者颅脑核磁共振影像学(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)改变,并探讨其相关的影响因素,为患者的脑健康预防及保护提供依据。方法:选取2018年7月至2019年3月四川省肿瘤医院45例初诊为NSCLC(癌症组)及39例健康对照组(正常组)颅脑MRI数据,利用Freesurfer软件对MRI数据进行基于大脑皮层表面形态学测量(surface-based morphometry,SBM)分析,统计对比癌症组与正常组的脑区变化,利用偏相关分析方法将血常规、血脂、肿瘤标志物与变化脑区行相关性分析。结果:与正常组相比,癌症组右脑中央后回及顶叶上回脑皮质体积明显萎缩(P<0.05),但其厚度、表面积、曲率、脑沟深度未见明显变化(P>0.05)。此外,癌症组神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)水平明显高于正常组[(27.02±33.16)ng/mL vs.(7.8±3.85)ng/mL,P<0.05],相关性分析结果显示中央后回体积萎缩与NSE呈负相关(r=-0.268,P=0.039),血常规、血脂、癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)与中央后回体积萎缩无明显相关性。结论:NSCLC可导致右脑中央后回及顶叶上回体积缩小,且中央后回体积缩小与NSE呈显著负相关,提示NSE可作为预测NSCLC相关脑损伤的潜在预测分子。

An in situ ATR-FTIR study of mixed collectors BHA/DDA adsorption in ilmenite-titanaugite flotation system

This paper researched the enhanced flotation separation performance of ilmenite and titanaugite using the mixed collector benzhydroxamic acid/dodecylamine(BHA/DDA).The interface assembly mechanism was mainly investigated through in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared(ATRFTIR)spectroscopy combined with the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy(2D-COS)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).It has been found that BHA/DDA mixed collectors successfully separate ilmenite from titanaugite at a molar ratio of 8:1.Zeta potential experiments suggested that,in the presence of mixed collector system,the BHA-DDA complex adsorbed on the ilmenite surface via the chemically adsorbed BHA and the electrostatically adsorbed DDA,however,the complex adsorbed on the surface of titanaugite unstably.According to in situ ATR-FTIR combined with 2D-COS and XPS results,the interface assembly mechanism of BHA/DDA is summarized as:the function group of BHA molecules first binds to the metal sites on minerals to form bidentate ligand,then DDA co-adsorbed with BHA on the surface of minerals through hydrogen bonding.DDA may change the adsorption modes of some BHA on the ilmenite surface from four-membered ring to five-membered ring,while the modes on the titanaugite surface is true opposite.Finally,recommended adsorption configurations of the BHA/DDA complex on the two mineral surfaces are proposed.

Microscale insights into the influence of grinding media on spodumene micro-flotation using mixed anionic/cationic collectors

Here,the influence of grinding media with different shapes on the flotation performance of spodumene and its potential mechanism from microscale insights was investigated using a single mineral flotation experiment,X-ray diffraction(XRD)test,scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS),atomic force microscope(AFM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The flotation data indicated that under anionic/cationic(sodium oleate(NaOL)/DDA)collectors system,the rod milled spodumene has a higher floatability than ball milled ones.XRD results confirmed that rod medium makes spodumene exposed more{110}and{100}planes,while ball medium makes spodumene exposed more{010}planes.The typical anisotropic surface of spodumene makes the surface of rod milled spodumene possess more Al sites,further confirmed by SEM-EDS and XPS results.Additionally,it was found that the rod milled spodumene presents a larger value of elongation and flatness,which are parameters closely related to bubble adhesion.AFM analysis indicated that rod milled products have a rougher surface,while ball milled products have a smoother surface.Consequently,the rod medium enhanced the adsorption of NaOL/DDA on the spodumene surfaces.This work provides theoretical guidance for optimizing the separation of spodumene from the perspective of grinding.

Existence and Uniqueness of Positive (Almost) Periodic Solutions for a Neutral Multi-Species Logarithmic Population Model with Multiple Delays and Impulses

In this paper, by using the contraction mapping principle and constructing a suitable Lyapunov functional, we established a set of easily applicable criteria for the existence, uniqueness and global attractivity of positive periodic solution and positive almost periodic solution of a neutral multi-species Logarithmic population model with multiple delays and impulses. The results improve and generalize the known ones in [1], as an application, we also give an example to illustrate the feasibility of our main results.

Detection and quantitative analysis of tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures

Tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures(TLSs)are ectopic lymphoid formations within tumor tissue,with mainly B and T cell populations forming the organic aggregates.The presence of TLSs in tumors has been strongly associated with patient responsiveness to immunotherapy regimens and improving tumor prognosis.Researchers have been motivated to actively explore TLSs due to their bright clinical application prospects.Various studies have attempted to decipher TLSs regarding their formation mechanism,structural composition,induction generation,predictive markers,and clinical utilization.Meanwhile,the scientific approaches to qualitative and quantitative descriptions are crucial for TLS studies.In terms of detection,hematoxylin and eosin(H&E),multiplex immunohistochemistry(mIHC),multiplex immunofluorescence(mIF),and 12-chemokine gene signature have been the top approved methods.However,no standard methods exist for the quantitative analysis of TLSs,such as absolute TLS count,analysis of TLS constituent cells,structural features,TLS spatial location,density,and maturity.This study reviews the latest research progress on TLS detection and quantification,proposes new directions for TLS assessment,and addresses issues for the quantitative application of TLSs in the clinic.

Layered-structure N-doped expanded-graphite/boron nitride composites towards high performance of microwave absorption

High-efficiency microwave absorbers with broadband absorption are strongly desired for electromag-netic protection.Herein,we successfully synthesized a hybrid microwave absorbing material with two-dimensional layered structure,which consisted of expanded graphite(EG)and boron nitride(BN).The introduction of BN is to regulate the conductivity of EG and also to improve the thermal stability of the composite material.The ultrathin BN nano-sheets were uniformly wrapped on the EG sheets via chemi-cal vapor deposition.Attributed to the dielectric loss and conductive loss,the as-prepared hybrid material exhibited high performance for microwave absorption.The effective absorbing bandwidth(reflection loss value<-10 dB)was achieved up to 9.37 GHz with the thickness of 2.4 mm in the frequency range of 5.75-6.98 GHz and 9.86-18 GHz.And the minimum reflection loss was-51.58 dB at the thickness of 3 mm.The excellent performance of microwave absorption was attributed to the dielectric loss,interfacial polarization loss and optimized impedance matching.Moreover,compared to pure EG,the thermal de-composition temperature of EG/BN composite materials had increased by about 100℃which was up to 714℃.Taking the advantages of high thermal stability of BN as well as the fine microwave absorbability of EG,the EG/BN composites would be applied in high-temperature microwave absorbing fields.

Interface Modification of TiO_(2)Electron Transport Layer with PbCl_(2)for Perovskiote Solar Cells with Carbon Electrode

Perovskite Solar Cells(PSCs)have attracted considerable attention because of their unique features and high efficiency.However,the stability of perovskite solar cells remains to be improved.In this study,we modified the TiO_(2)Electron Transport Layer(ETL)interface with PbCl_(2).The efficiency of the perovskite solar cells with carbon electrodes increased from 11.28%to 13.34%,and their stability obviously improved.The addition of PbCl_(2)had no effect on the morphology,crystal structure,and absorption property of the perovskite absorber layer.However,it affected the band energy level alignment of the solar cells and accelerated the electron extraction and transfer at the interface between the perovskite layer and the ETL,thus enhancing the overall photovoltaic performance.The interfacial modification of ETL with PbCl_(2)is a promising way for the potential commercialization of low-cost carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells.

Recent development of chemical components in propolis

Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plant sources.On account of its chemical composition,propolis possesses several biologi-cal and pharmacological properties.In recent years,many papers have provided information concerning its composi-tion.This review compiles data from most studies of propolis,focusing on the chemical composition of ethanol extracts of propolis(EEP),water extracts of propolis(WEP),and volatile oils from propolis(VOP).The characteristic compounds of EEP are polyphenols includ-ing flavonoids and related phenolic acids,and flavonoids are the most abundant and effective parts.They are considered to contribute more to the antibacterial,antiviral,and antioxidant effects than the other constituents.The main flavonoids in EEP are pinocembrin,galangin,chrysin,quercetin,kaempferol,and naringenin.The constituents reported to be in WEP include phenolic acids,caffeoylquinic acid,3-mono-O-caffeoylquinic acid,caffeic acid,flavonoids,etc.The propolis volatile compounds are benzyl alcohol,benzyl acetate,cinnamic alcohol,vanillin,eudensmol,cyclohexyl benzoate,and benzyl benzoate,which are responsible for several biological properties.As a natural mixture,propolis is widely used in medicine and cosmetics,as well as being a constituent of health foods.Since propolis has been used extensively,information on its composition is not only of interest to the academic field,but also to propolis users.

Establishment and validation of psoriasis evaluation models

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease that seriously affects the patient's quality of life.The diagnosis of psoriasis is mainly based on clinical and pathological features,and the assessment depends on the psoriasis area and severity index(PASI).However,there are few reliable and accurate evaluation methods to assess lesion severity and therapeutic effects.This work identified 17 model genes from GEO datasets and established 6 psoriasis evaluation models by LASSO regression,linear regression,and random forest separately.Models were trained and evaluated in different GEO datasets.All 6 models accurately classified psoriatic lesions and non-lesional skin in training and testing data,and showed good AUC.In biologics-treated samples,the model scores were positively correlated with the severity of lesions and negatively correlated with treatment length.Thus,models have the potential to assess the therapeutic effects.In addition,the expression of model genes was examined in keratinocytes,skin of IMQ-induced psoriatic mice,and lesions of psoriasis patients.The RNA and protein levels of model genes increased in cytokine-stimulated keratinocytes and psoriatic lesions as expected.This work provides new methods to assess the lesion severity and therapeutic effects of biologies in psoriasis.

Adiponectin:friend or foe in obesity and inflammation

Adiponectin is an adipokine predominantly produced by fat cells,circulates and exerts insulin-sensitizing,cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.Dysregulation of adiponectin and/or adiponectin signaling is implicated in a number of metabolic diseases such as obesity,insulin resistance,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases.However,while the insulin-sensitizing and cardioprotective effects of adiponectin have been widely appreciated in the field,the obesogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of adiponectin are still of much debate.Understanding the physiological function of adi-ponectin is critical for adiponectin-based therapeutics for the treatment of metabolic diseases.