Great progress has been made in our understanding of floral organ identity determination and its regulatory network in many species;however,the quantitative genetic basis of floral organ number variation is far less w...Great progress has been made in our understanding of floral organ identity determination and its regulatory network in many species;however,the quantitative genetic basis of floral organ number variation is far less well understood for species-specific traits from the perspective of population variation.Here,using a tree peony(Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews,Paeoniaceae)cultivar population as a model,the phenotypic polymorphism and genetic variation based on genome-wide association studies(GWAS)and expression quantitative trait locus(eQTL)analysis were analyzed.Based on 24 phenotypic traits of 271 representative cultivars,the transcript profiles of 119 cultivars were obtained,which indicated abundant genetic variation in tree peony.In total,86 GWAS-related cis-eQTLs and 3188 trans-eQTL gene pairs were found to be associated with the numbers of petals,stamens,and carpels.In addition,19 floral organ number-related hub genes with 121 cis-eQTLs were obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis,among which five hub genes belonging to the ABCE genes of the MADS-box family and their spatial–temporal co-expression and regulatory network were constructed.These results not only help our understanding of the genetic basis of floral organ number variation during domestication,but also pave the way to studying the quantitative genetics and evolution of flower organ number and their regulatory network within populations.展开更多
The development of tree peony annual shoots is characterized by“withering”,which is related to whether there are bud points in the leaf axillaries of annual shoots.However,the mechanism of“withering”in tree peony ...The development of tree peony annual shoots is characterized by“withering”,which is related to whether there are bud points in the leaf axillaries of annual shoots.However,the mechanism of“withering”in tree peony is still unclear.In this study,Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan’and P.suffruticosa‘Luoyanghong’were used to investigate dynamic changes of annual shoots through anatomy,physiology,transcriptome,and metabolome.The results demonstrated that the developmental dynamics of annual shoots of the two cultivars were comparable.The withering degree of P.suffruticosa‘Luoyanghong’was higher than that of P.ostii‘Fengdan’,and their upper internodes of annual flowering shoots had a lower degree of lignin deposition,cellulose,C/N ratio,showing no obvious sclerenchyma,than the bottom ones and the whole internodes of vegetative shoot,which resulted in the“withering”of upper internodes.A total of 36 phytohormone metabolites were detected,of which 33 and 31 were detected in P.ostii‘Fengdan’and P.suffruticosa‘Luoyanghong’,respectively.In addition,302 and 240 differentially expressed genes related to lignin biosynthesis,carbon and nitrogen metabolism,plant hormone signal transduction,and zeatin biosynthesis were screened from the two cultivars.Furtherly,36 structural genes and 40 transcription factors associated with the development of annual shoots were highly co-expressed,and eight hub genes involved in this developmental process were identified.Consequently,this study explained the developmental dynamic on the varied annual shoots through multi-omics,providing a theoretical foundation for germplasm innovation and the mechanized harvesting of tree peony annual shoots.展开更多
In the present study, electrical stimulation to the rat insular cortex induced apnea or respiratory disturbance, reduced amplitude of genioglossal electromyogram, and decreased electromyogram integrals. In addition, a...In the present study, electrical stimulation to the rat insular cortex induced apnea or respiratory disturbance, reduced amplitude of genioglossal electromyogram, and decreased electromyogram integrals. In addition, arterial blood gas analysis showed arterial blood acidosis, reduced pH values, increased alkali reserve negative values, decreased peripheral blood 5-hydroxytryptamine content, and increased 5-hydroxytryptamine expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Following lidocaine injection to block the habenular nucleus, abnormalities in breath, genioglossal electromyogram, and blood gas values disappeared, and peripheral blood 5-hydroxytryptamine content returned to levels prior to electric stimulation. However, 5-hydroxytryptamine expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells remained high. The results suggested that 5-hydroxytryptamine expression in Purkinje cells did not correlate with ventilation function involving insular cortex and habenular nucleus.展开更多
To improve the separation efficiency of air dense medium fluidized beds tor dry coal preparation, a gasvibro fluidized bed has been proposed in which magnetic powder is used as the heavy medium. Pressure fluctuations ...To improve the separation efficiency of air dense medium fluidized beds tor dry coal preparation, a gasvibro fluidized bed has been proposed in which magnetic powder is used as the heavy medium. Pressure fluctuations in the gas-vibro fluidized bed were investigated using time- and frequency-domain analysis methods. The relationship between pressure fluctuations, bubble behavior, and separation efficiency was established. The low amplitude of the standard deviation, the power spectral density (PSD), the incoherent-output PSD, and the high amplitude of the coherent-output PSD, which corresponds to the bubble behavior in the bed, were improved for coal preparation. The coal ash content was reduced from 42.5570 to 16.54% by using the gas-vibro fluidized bed.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072065).
文摘Great progress has been made in our understanding of floral organ identity determination and its regulatory network in many species;however,the quantitative genetic basis of floral organ number variation is far less well understood for species-specific traits from the perspective of population variation.Here,using a tree peony(Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews,Paeoniaceae)cultivar population as a model,the phenotypic polymorphism and genetic variation based on genome-wide association studies(GWAS)and expression quantitative trait locus(eQTL)analysis were analyzed.Based on 24 phenotypic traits of 271 representative cultivars,the transcript profiles of 119 cultivars were obtained,which indicated abundant genetic variation in tree peony.In total,86 GWAS-related cis-eQTLs and 3188 trans-eQTL gene pairs were found to be associated with the numbers of petals,stamens,and carpels.In addition,19 floral organ number-related hub genes with 121 cis-eQTLs were obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis,among which five hub genes belonging to the ABCE genes of the MADS-box family and their spatial–temporal co-expression and regulatory network were constructed.These results not only help our understanding of the genetic basis of floral organ number variation during domestication,but also pave the way to studying the quantitative genetics and evolution of flower organ number and their regulatory network within populations.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant XDA23080601).
文摘The development of tree peony annual shoots is characterized by“withering”,which is related to whether there are bud points in the leaf axillaries of annual shoots.However,the mechanism of“withering”in tree peony is still unclear.In this study,Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan’and P.suffruticosa‘Luoyanghong’were used to investigate dynamic changes of annual shoots through anatomy,physiology,transcriptome,and metabolome.The results demonstrated that the developmental dynamics of annual shoots of the two cultivars were comparable.The withering degree of P.suffruticosa‘Luoyanghong’was higher than that of P.ostii‘Fengdan’,and their upper internodes of annual flowering shoots had a lower degree of lignin deposition,cellulose,C/N ratio,showing no obvious sclerenchyma,than the bottom ones and the whole internodes of vegetative shoot,which resulted in the“withering”of upper internodes.A total of 36 phytohormone metabolites were detected,of which 33 and 31 were detected in P.ostii‘Fengdan’and P.suffruticosa‘Luoyanghong’,respectively.In addition,302 and 240 differentially expressed genes related to lignin biosynthesis,carbon and nitrogen metabolism,plant hormone signal transduction,and zeatin biosynthesis were screened from the two cultivars.Furtherly,36 structural genes and 40 transcription factors associated with the development of annual shoots were highly co-expressed,and eight hub genes involved in this developmental process were identified.Consequently,this study explained the developmental dynamic on the varied annual shoots through multi-omics,providing a theoretical foundation for germplasm innovation and the mechanized harvesting of tree peony annual shoots.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30270502
文摘In the present study, electrical stimulation to the rat insular cortex induced apnea or respiratory disturbance, reduced amplitude of genioglossal electromyogram, and decreased electromyogram integrals. In addition, arterial blood gas analysis showed arterial blood acidosis, reduced pH values, increased alkali reserve negative values, decreased peripheral blood 5-hydroxytryptamine content, and increased 5-hydroxytryptamine expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Following lidocaine injection to block the habenular nucleus, abnormalities in breath, genioglossal electromyogram, and blood gas values disappeared, and peripheral blood 5-hydroxytryptamine content returned to levels prior to electric stimulation. However, 5-hydroxytryptamine expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells remained high. The results suggested that 5-hydroxytryptamine expression in Purkinje cells did not correlate with ventilation function involving insular cortex and habenular nucleus.
基金supported financially by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,No.2012CB214904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51221462,51134022,51304196,and 91434133)+1 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20120095130001)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘To improve the separation efficiency of air dense medium fluidized beds tor dry coal preparation, a gasvibro fluidized bed has been proposed in which magnetic powder is used as the heavy medium. Pressure fluctuations in the gas-vibro fluidized bed were investigated using time- and frequency-domain analysis methods. The relationship between pressure fluctuations, bubble behavior, and separation efficiency was established. The low amplitude of the standard deviation, the power spectral density (PSD), the incoherent-output PSD, and the high amplitude of the coherent-output PSD, which corresponds to the bubble behavior in the bed, were improved for coal preparation. The coal ash content was reduced from 42.5570 to 16.54% by using the gas-vibro fluidized bed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870139 and 81873961)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(19JCZDJC33800)+1 种基金the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(201810055105)the Fundamental Research for the Central Universities。