Breeding of a New Clubroot-resistant Chinese Cabbage Variety, CCR11242

In this study, using Japanese radish cytoplasmic sterile line ＂Half Green Cabbage＂ （HGC） and clubfoot-resistant South Korean cabbage variety ＂ CR Cabbage King＂ （CCK） as experimental materials, serf-incompatible DH lines were obtained by mierosporo culture. Through five gnerations of backeross, CCR11239, a clubroot-resistant radish cytoplasmic sterile line, was obtained. Through six generations of serf-crossing, CCR11240, the maintainer line of CCR11239, was bred. After the cross of CCK and Luchunbai 1 （83 - 1 ） and five generations of self-crossing, serf-compatible line CCRl1241 was obtained. Through crossing CCR11240 with CCRl1241, the new cabbage variety CCRl1242 was obtained. After variety comparison test, provincial regional test and production demonstration test, the new variety was registered in 2012. The average yield of CCR11242 reached 60 975 kg/hm2, which was improved by 142% compared with Luchunbai 1 （83 - 1 ）. The disease index of CCR11242 was 5.63, which was 88.13 lower than the control, indicating high resistance （HR） to clubfoot.

Phytohormonal and metabolism analysis of Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis with different resistance during Plasmodiophorabrassicae infection

Clubroot of Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis),caused by the obligate parasite Plasmodiophora brassicae,accounts for serious yield losses.The aim of our study was to explore the phytohormone levels and metabolome changes in the roots of resistant and susceptible B.rapa genotypes at a late stage of infection,i.e.,28 days post-infection.Both genotypes showed decreased auxin levels after P.brassicae infection except for indole-3-acetic acid.Overall,the susceptible genotype had higher auxin and cytokinin levels after infection,with the exception of trans-zeatin and 3-indolebutyric acid as compared to the resistant genotype.Jasmonic acid levels declined after infection regardless of the genotype.Resistance against clubroot was evident with the increased levels of salicylic acid in the resistant genotype.The susceptible genotype had a higher number of differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs)(262)than the resistant genotype(238)after infection.Interestingly,132 DAMs were commonly detected in both genotypes when infected with the pathogen,belonging to metabolite classes such as phenolic acids,amino acids,and derivatives,glucosinolates,organic acids,flavonoids,nucleotides and derivatives,and fatty acids.The differential metabolite analysis revealed that metabolites related to amino acid biosynthesis,fatty acid biosynthesis and elongation,glutathione metabolism,and glucosinolate metabolism were highly accumulated in the resistant genotype,suggesting their essential roles in resistance against P.brassicae infection.

Survey on Agricultural Biological Resources and Traditional Cultural Knowledge of Hani People in Yunnan

In 2007- 2008,a systematic survey,collection and arrangement was carried out for agricultural biological resources and traditional cultural knowledge of Hani People in 8 counties,15 towns,and 23 village committees of Yunnan Province. A total of 299 samples were obtained about agricultural biological resources related to production and living of Hani People. According to purpose of utilization,samples were divided into grain crops,medicinal plants,vegetables,fruit trees,and oil crops,taking up 48. 2%,21. 7%,18. 4%,7. 7%,and 2. 0% of the samples respectively. The survey indicated that planting industry and breeding industry take up the dominant role in rural social economy of Hani People,so agricultural biological resources are the fundamental means of production maintaining rural social development of Hani People.The current situation of agricultural biological resources of Hani People in Yunnan,reasons for growth and decline were analyzed,and the utilization,protection and development of agricultural biological resources were discussed.

Identifying Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Types of Chinese Cabbage(Brassica campestris L.)by Molecular Markers

Different sterile cytoplasm types of nine cabbage cytoplasmic male sterile materials were identified by molecular marker in the study, in order to better use molecular marker to conduct the assisted breeding in the future. Genomic DNA was isolated from Chinese cabbage by CTAB method. The design of two pairs of specific primers was performed on conserved flanking region of orf138 gene in the GenBank. PCR was performed with genomic DNA of the nine Chinese cabbage materials. The bands were sequenced. The homologous comparison was conducted in NCBI, and finally, the type of sterile cytoplasm was determined. The results showed that the bands were amplified only in four Chinese cabbage male sterile materials with two pairs of specific primers PUPIl and PIII/PIV, while the other five materials did not obtain the relative bands. The result was consistent with the field sterility identification. And then four molecular markers of Chinese cabbage Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） were obtained. After conducting a homologous comparative analysis with BLAST in GenBank, it was found that the homologous degree was 100% in specific segments of tbe tbree sterility materials （L1-CI, L3-CI and L3- F1 ） and Ogu orf138 gene （GenBank accession No. ： HQ149728） of the reported broccoli Ogu CMS. The homologous degree of L1-F1 was 99% with a variation point. The type of cytoplasmic male sterility of the other five materials needed further research. Four materials of the nine were identified as the radish cytoplasmic male sterility materials and four molecular markers were obtained.

Effects of Different Combinations of Fertilization and Agrochemical Application on Yield and Cost-effectiveness of Cucumber

This study was conducted to provide reference for rational fertilization and agrochemical application in cucumber plantation,and relieve the problem of environmental pollution and vegetable agrochemical residues. The effects of different combinations of fertilization and agrochemical application on cucumber yield and cost input were investigated. Four treatments were conducted,including T1（ conventional fertilization ＋ conventional agrochemical application,CK）,T2（ conventional fertilization ＋ recommended agrochemical application）,T3（ recommended fertilization ＋ conventional agrochemical application） and T4（ recommended fertilization ＋ recommended agrochemical application）. The results showed that T4 had fewer kinds of fertilizers and agrochemicals than that of T1,and had a yield increasing effect on cucumber,and the yield increase was 7 003. 5 kg/hm^2,with an increasing rate of 19. 25%; and it also had obvious cost-saving and benefit-increasing effects,specifically,the cost was saved by 10 941 yuan/hm^2 and the benefit was increased by 31 951. 5 yuan/hm^2. The results of this experiment were satisfactory,and higher benefit was obtained with lower input. This study will provide reference for cucumber planter to choose fertilizers and agrochemicals,and lays a foundation for alleviating the ecological soil problems.

Effect of Central Multiphase Microstructure of Thick Plates on Work Hardening and Crack Propagation

The effect of multiphase microstructure in the center segregation zones(CSZ)of high-strength steel thick plates on work hardening characteristics and crack initiation/propagation were studied.Microstructure was correlated with deformation damage behavior by using Taylor factor(TF)gradients,kernel average misorientation(KAM),and geometric necessary dislocation(GND)density.The results show that the segregation leads to a mixed structure of ferrite(soft phase)and martensite/bainite(hard phase)in the center of the thick plate.Compared to the 1/4 thickness(1/4 T)region,grain refinement occurred in the CSZ,with KAM values increasing from 0.24 to 0.49 and a decrease in the proportion of high-angle grain boundaries(>15°)from 77.4 to 51.8%.In the process of deformation,due to the influence of grain refinement and adjacent martensite/bainite,ferrite grains were divided into structural units with different TF values.The higher KAM value and GND density at the interface between soft/hard phases resulted in severe work hardening.In addition,the presence of micron-sized inclusions in the CSZ caused local strain concentration and non-continuous deformation of the matrix,which induced crack initiation.The fracture surface showed a mixed mode of brittle cleavage fracture and ductile fracture.

ROS is essential for initiation of energy deprivation-induced autophagy

Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation process in which intracellular components are engulfed into a double membrane structure,known as the autophagosomes,and then delivered to lysosomes/vacuoles for degradation(Ohsumi,2014).Recently,autophagy has been found to be responsible for maintaining glucose homeostasis in adult animals(Karsli-Uzunbas et al.,2014).However,the molecular mechanism underlying energy deprivation-induced autophagy remains relatively unclear.

Fabrication of ultrathin Zn（OH）2 nanosheets as drug carriers

Ultrathin two-dimensional （2D） porous Zn（OH）2 nanosheets （PNs） were fabricated by means of one-dimensional Cu nanowires as backbones. The PNs have thickness of approximately 3.8 nm and pore size of 4-10 nm. To form ＂smart＂ porous nanosheets, DNA aptamers were covalently conjugated to the surface of PNs. These ultrathin nanosheets show good biocompatibility, effident cellular uptaker and promising pH-stimulated drug release.

Engineering a customized nanodrug delivery system at the cellular level for targeted cancer therapy

Drug administration customized to individual cells could intrinsically address cancer heterogeneity and provide a safe and effective method for delivering personalized treatment. To accomplish this, we developed a smart nanodrug delivery system characterized by cancer cell-targeted drug delivery and intracellular biomarker-responsive drug activation. This system was composed of a long-nicked DNA duplex formed by tandem hybridization of two extended antisense oligonucleotides whose ends were separately blocked with a cancer cell-specific aptamer, AS1411,and a replaceable anti-biomarker probe(ABP). We demonstrated that this DNA nanodrug was directed to cancer cells with the guidance power of AS 1411 and then activated by the presence of a given intracellular biomarker. By using such a belt-and-braces strategy, this DNA nanodrug system could safely and efficiently accelerate apoptosis of target cancer cells. Moreover, since the expression level of biomarkers tends to indicate the specific physiological state of individual cells, biomarker-responsive activation of the nanodrug is expected to enable customized drug administration at the cellular level.

人民政协界别小组会的运行机制——基于政协北京市委员会全体会议的观察

开会是民主政治的必要形式,也是交流沟通的集中体现。人民政协自创建以来,始终坚持以会议交流意见、以协商讨论问题,逐步形成了一整套行之有效的会议体系和会议机制,但一些观察和经验还在积累和验证中。作者基于政协北京市委员会第十三届三次会议(2020年1月)和十三届四次会议(2021年1月)期间医药卫生界两次会议的观察,从结构、过程、评估、效能四个方面,讨论政协界别小组会的民主协商机制。本文不仅从静态的角度研究会议的基本构成,而且从动态的角度对议事过程进行跟踪,建议以关键环节为抓手,优化协商效能,实现界别小组会从形式价值到实质价值的飞跃。