Study on Shigella Detection by ATP Bioluminescence Magnetic Enzyme Immunoassay

[Objective] The research aimed to establish a rapid detection method for Shigella. [Method] Combining immunomagnetic separation technology with ATP bioluminescence technology, a new kind of fast and accurate ATP bioluminescence magnetic enzyme immunoassay technique for Shigella was established. [Result] Using ATP bioluminescence magnetic enzyme immunoassay technique to detect standard solution for Shigella （ATCC 25931 ）, result showed that correlation coefficient between relative light intensity detected by instrument and bacteria concentration detec- ted by culture counting method was 0.981 1. Moreover, relation curve between relative light intensity and Shigella concentration was drawn. [ Conclusion] The method had a high detection speed and accuracy, and could be used for the rapid detection of pathogen in food and environment.

Measurement and temperature effect on soil thermal conductivity in Changchun area

The study on soil thermal conductivity (STC) was an important side of research on ground source heat pump technique,geological disposal of high-level radioactive wastes,heat distribution of buried cable. Especially owing to technical requirement for shallow terrestrial heat recently, it directly influenced the design and solution in engineering problems. The authors measured the STC in the studied area with QTM-D2 and discussed the effect of samples in size, the measurement error between the samples in lab and in site. The results indicate measuring STC by heat pole method with less influence upon the samples in size, and measuring results on the different geometry size approach very much. The STC is fit for the empirical relation between the temperature and TC under the condition of normal temperature. It is significance for understanding STC in northern China and simulation of temperature field.

Constructing ultrafine monodispersed Co_(2)P/(0.59-Cu_(3)P)on Cu doped CoZn-ZIF derived porous N-doped carbon for highly efficient dehydrogenation of ammonia borane

Rational construction of highly dispersed,small size,low cost catalysts for release of hydrogen from ammonia borane(AB)is regarded as a prospective approach for promoting the development of upcoming hydrogen economy.However,the high price and scarcity of precious metal catalysts impose restrictions on their large-scale application.To this end,with the aid of a Cu doped CoZn-zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)template strategy,we successfully construct ultrafine monodispersed Co_(2)P/(0.59-Cu_(3)P)on CoZn-ZIF derived porous N-doped carbon(Co_(2)P/(0.59-Cu_(3)P)-NC)as an efficient non-noble-metal catalyst.Specifically,Co and Cu atoms can be geometrically separated to high degree due to the presence of Zn in the CuCoZn-ZIF precursor,evaporation of Zn during pyrolysis can generate porous structure with the framework well maintained.The results show that porous Co_(2)P/(0.59-Cu_(3)P)-NC bimetallic phosphide exhibits large specific surface area,hierarchical pore structure,well-exposed active sites.Based on the kinetics analyses and ion effects,the catalyst has achieved an unprecedentedly high total turnover frequency(TOF)of 798 mol·molcat^(−1)·min^(−1)in 0.4 M NaOH solution at 298 K,which surpasses all the ever-reported transition-metal phosphides catalysts for hydrogen generation from AB.Experiments and theoretical studies confirm that the highly porous structure of the support,the ultrafine and high dispersion of nanoparticles,the N/P doping and their synergistic effects(e.g.,M-P,M-N,N-C,M-M',M-support)jointly induce strong electron transfer,which can reduce the reaction energy barrier and enhance their interaction with AB,thus correspondingly obtaining excellent catalytic performance.The mechanism and strategy presented in this work pave an avenue for the design of non-noble metal catalyst for hydrogen energy system.

垫状驼绒藜群落特征及地理分布数据集

垫状驼绒藜(Krascheninnikovia compacta)群落分布于人迹罕至的极端寒冷、干旱的高海拔地区,是青藏高原高寒荒漠最为典型且分布较广的植被类型。该群落已有的研究多为定性描述,均未提供珍贵的样方数据。本文以2018、2019及2022年野外调查数据和相关文献资料为基础,记录整理了垫状驼绒藜群落的空间分布、群落特征、群落结构及其气候等环境特征,构建了垫状驼绒藜群落数据集。数据集结果显示:(1)垫状驼绒藜群落主要分布在青藏高原的中昆仑山、北天山、阿尔金山、当金山山口;(2)垫状驼绒藜群落的高度、盖度、生物量和物种丰富度均相对较低,22个典型样地共记录到种子植物29种,分属11科22属;其生活型以地面芽植物居多,共18种,占植物总种数的62.07%,主要为多年生禾草和多年生杂类草;(3)群落结构简单,恒有度>50%的仅有垫状驼绒藜,灌木层、草本层都未出现次优势种,伴生种、偶见种居多(93.10%);(4)群落垂直结构可划分为2层,第一层是以垫状驼绒藜为主的稀疏垫状小半灌木,第二层是稀疏的草本层;(5)群落的生长环境具有气候寒冷、降水少且集中于最暖季的高寒荒漠气候特点。本数据集是国内目前已知唯一垫状驼绒藜群落数据集,是揭示垫状驼绒藜群落物种组成和结构等特征的重要凭证,数据集中的地理气候信息和群落物种信息可为垫状驼绒藜群落研究及《中国植被志》的编研提供基础数据。

肝素酶在医药领域应用的研究进展

肝素酶是一类能够特定切割肝素或硫酸乙酰肝素中α-1,4糖苷键并将其裂解成有活性寡糖片段的酶,主要分为真核生物肝素酶(Heparanase)和原核生物肝素酶(Heparinase)。由于原核生物肝素酶是一种高效绿色的生物催化剂,因此近年来在医药领域的应用性研究逐渐被重视。文中结合本课题组相关工作,归纳介绍了原核生物肝素酶通过作用于硫酸肝素蛋白聚糖(HSPGs)生成肝素小分子,抑制肿瘤细胞增殖方面的应用;原核生物肝素酶在制备第三代创新型抗凝血药物低分子量肝素(Low molecular weight heparin,LWMH)和超低分子量肝素(Ultra low molecular weight heparin, ULMWH)方面的应用;原核生物肝素酶作为肝素拮抗药物等医药领域的重要应用;并展望了原核生物肝素酶的未来应用前景及挑战。

reatment of allergic inflammation and hyperresponsiveness by a simple compound, Bavachinin, isolated from Chinese herbs

Asthmatic inflammation is mediated by a type 2 helper T cell （Th2） cytokine response, and blocking Th2 cytokine production is proven to have a potent therapeutic effect against asthmatic inflammation. Using IL-4-green fluorescent protein （GFP） reporter mice, we demonstrated that Bavachinin, a single compound isolated from a Chinese herb, significantly inhibited Th2 cytokine production, including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. Notably, this compound almost completely blocked inflammation in the ovalbumin （OVA）-sensitized animal asthma model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this chemical selectively affects the level of GATA-3, most likely by affecting the stability of GATA-3 mRNA. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the potential therapeutic value of this single compound derived from Chinese herbs.

Development of a widely targeted volatilomics method for profiling volatilomes in plants

Volatile organic compounds play essential roles in plant environment interactions as well as determining the fragrance of plants.Although gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolo-mics is commonly used to assess plant volatiles,it suffers from high spectral convolution,low detection sensitivity,a limited number of annotated metabolites,and relatively poor reproducibility.Here,we report a widely targeted volatilomics(WTV)method that involves using a“targeted spectra extraction”algorithm to address spectral convolution,constructing a high-coverage MS2 spectral tag library to expand volatile annotation,adapting a multiple reaction monitoring mode to improve sensitivity,and using regression models to adjust for signal drift.The newly developed method was used to profile the volatilome of rice grains.Compared with the untargeted method,the newly developed WTV method shows higher sensitivity(for example,the signal-to-noise ratio of guaicol increased from 4.1 to 18.8),high annotation coverage(the number of annotated volatiles increased from 43 to 132),and better reproducibility(the number of volatiles in quality control samples with relative standard deviation value below 30.0%increased from 14 to 92 after normalization).Using the WTV method,we studied the metabolic responses of tomato to environmental stimuli and profiled the volatilomes of different rice accessions.The results identified benzothiazole as a potential airborne signal priming tomato plants for enhanced defense and 2-nonanone and 2-heptanone as novel aromatic compounds contributing to rice fragrance.These case studies suggest that the widely targeted volatilomics method is more efficient than those currently used and may considerably promote plant volatilomics studies.

Stipa steppes in scantily explored regions of the tibetan Plateau:classification,community characteristics and climatic distribution patterns

Aims As a unique geographical unit of the earth,the tibetan Plateau is extensively covered by various Stipa communities.However,their vegetation features have not been reported systematically till now,especially in some scantily explored regions.In this study,we endeavor to reveal the community types,quantitative charac-teristics and climatic distribution patterns of Stipa steppes in these areas based on primary relevés obtained from fieldwork.Methods We collected a total of 223 plots in 79 study sites in the Changthang Plateau and the Yarlung Zangbo Valley,ranging from 79°E to 91°E.the categories of Stipa formations were identified according to the classification scheme in Vegetation of China and then verified by Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling.We performed detrended correspondence analysis and detrended canonical correspondence analysis to hunt for the alteration of Stipa communities along the precipitation gradient.Quantitative characteristics including species richness,coverage,biomass as well as importance values(IV)of dominant species were calcu-lated and visualized,respectively.Important Findings Stipa steppes in scantily explored regions of the tibetan Plateau are classified into 11 formations but major formations are rather limited in number.Formation(form.)Stipa purpurea is the most widespread Stipa assemblages not only in scantily explored regions but also across the whole tibetan Plateau.the characteristics of Stipa com-munities,including coverage,species richness,productivity and IV of dominant species,demonstrate the features of typical alpine steppes on the tibetan Plateau.Precipitation proves to be the prime climatic factor controlling the distribution patterns of Stipa assemblages.Form.Stipa subsessiliflora var.basiplumosa and form.Stipa glareosa normally distribute in arid habitats,but rainfall for the former is of greater variance.Form.Stipa roborowskyi and form.Stipa capillacea favor moderately moist environment.Form.Stipa purpurea and form.Stipa roborowskyi can tolerate a fairly broad range of precipitation.

Flow Characteristics of Flapping Motion of a Plane Water Jet Impinging onto Free Surface

A submerged turbulent plane jet in shallow water impinging vertically onto the free surface will produce a large-scale flapping motion when the jet exit velocity is larger than a critical one.The flapping phenomenon is verified in this paper through a large eddy simulation where the free surface is modeled by volume of fluid approach.The quantitative results for flapping jet are found to be in good agreement with available experimental data in terms of mean velocity,flapping-induced velocity and turbulence intensity.Results show that the flapping motion is a new flow pattern with characteristic flapping frequency for submerged turbulent plane jets,the mean centerline velocity decay is considerably faster than that of the stable impinging jet without flapping motion,and the flapping-induced velocities are as important as the turbulent fluctuations.

植物功能群在调控气候和土壤因子对蒙古高原草原群落物种丰富度和生物量影响中的作用

植物功能群组成主要受环境因素驱动,同时植物功能群组成也是影响草地生物多样性和生产力的主要因素之一。因此,理解植物功能群在调控环境因素对生态系统功能和生物多样性影响中可能发挥的作用至关重要。通过对蒙古高原草原65个样点的植物生物量和物种丰富度的调查,将157种多年生草本植物分为两种植物功能群(即禾草和杂类草)。通过随机森林模型和普通最小二乘回归,确定与植物功能群物种丰富度和地上生物量显著相关的环境因素(即干燥度、土壤总氮和pH),并利用结构方程模型探讨筛选出的环境因素与群落物种丰富度和生物量间的关系,以及植物功能群在驱动这种关系中发挥的作用。干燥度与禾草、杂类草以及整个群落的地上生物量和物种丰富度均呈显著的单峰关系。所有的物种丰富度和生物量指标均与土壤总氮和pH值显著相关。禾草在维持蒙古高原草原生态系统群落生物量中起着关键作用,并受气候因素的直接影响。而杂类草物种丰富度决定了群落总丰富度,并受到土壤因素直接的调控。因此,群落组成在调控环境因素对群落生物量和植物多样性的影响中起着关键作用。

Current progress in cd T-cell biology

T lymphocytes bearing c-and d-chain T-cell receptor heterodimers are named cd T cells.Interestingly,cd and ab T cells share the same progenitors,and they undergo a fate decision in the thymus.Functional differentiation of cd T cells occurs both inside and outside the thymus.Antigen recognition of cd T-cell receptors is very unique,and the responses frequently exhibit innate characteristics.Nevertheless,peripheral cd T cells exert a number of effector and regulatory functions.cd T cells rapidly produce cytokines like interferon(IFN)-c and IL-17 and promote inflammation,partly due to the inherent epigenetic and transcriptional programs,which facilitates a quick and extensive response.Moreover,cd T cells lyse target cells directly,and this is necessary for pathogen or tumor clearance.cd T cells can even serve as regulatory cells,and may contribute to immune suppression.Orchestration of cd T-cell and other immune cell interactions may be critical for host defense and immune regulation.Recently,cd T cells have been used for immunotherapy for infectious diseases and malignancy.In this review,we summarize the abstracts presented at the recent cd T cell Conference held from 19 to 21 May 2010,in Kiel,Germany(please see the website for details:http://www.gammadeltaconference.uni-kiel.de/index.html).