Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)is a flame retardant that adversely affects the environment and human health.The present study exposed HepG2 cells to low concentrations of TBBPA daily to investigate the changes in gene re...Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)is a flame retardant that adversely affects the environment and human health.The present study exposed HepG2 cells to low concentrations of TBBPA daily to investigate the changes in gene regulation,mainly related to pathways associated with the endocrine system.The quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)confirmed that prolonged exposure gradually activated the thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone signaling pathways.The expression levels of genes related to the thyroid hormone signaling pathway were upregulated(1.15-8.54 times)after five generations of exposure to 1 and 81 nM TBBPA.Furthermore,co-exposure to 81 nM TBBPA and 0.5 nM thyroid hormone receptor antagonist for five generations significantly reduced the expression of thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone receptors.Meanwhile,81 nM TBBPA inhibited the activation of the Ras pathway and downregulated Ras gene expression level(3.7 times),indicating the association between the toxic effect and thyroid hormone receptors.Additionally,our experiments revealed that the thyroid hormone pathway regulated the induction of the Ras signaling pathway by TBBPA.The study thus proves that daily exposure to TBBPA interferes with the thyroid hormone signaling pathway and subsequently the endocrine system.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2019YFC1804504 and 2019YFC1804503)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41731279)Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(2017BT01Z032).
文摘Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)is a flame retardant that adversely affects the environment and human health.The present study exposed HepG2 cells to low concentrations of TBBPA daily to investigate the changes in gene regulation,mainly related to pathways associated with the endocrine system.The quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)confirmed that prolonged exposure gradually activated the thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone signaling pathways.The expression levels of genes related to the thyroid hormone signaling pathway were upregulated(1.15-8.54 times)after five generations of exposure to 1 and 81 nM TBBPA.Furthermore,co-exposure to 81 nM TBBPA and 0.5 nM thyroid hormone receptor antagonist for five generations significantly reduced the expression of thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone receptors.Meanwhile,81 nM TBBPA inhibited the activation of the Ras pathway and downregulated Ras gene expression level(3.7 times),indicating the association between the toxic effect and thyroid hormone receptors.Additionally,our experiments revealed that the thyroid hormone pathway regulated the induction of the Ras signaling pathway by TBBPA.The study thus proves that daily exposure to TBBPA interferes with the thyroid hormone signaling pathway and subsequently the endocrine system.
