Exploring the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies of ferroptosis in ovarian cancer

The morbidity rate of ovarian cancer,a malignant tumour in gynaecological tumours,is rising,and it is considered to be the most lethal cancer.The majority of patients are typically diagnosed during the advanced stages of the illness due to the elusive characteristics of ovarian cancer and an absence of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic indicators.Surgical excision of the lesions,along with chemotherapy,is the conventional treatment for ovarian cancer;however,resistance to platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs and molecular targeted therapies frequently arises.Improving the survival rate and prognosis of patients with end-stage or recurring ovarian cancer requires the identification of new therapeutic targets due to the absence of efficient medications,and this has emerged as a highly demanding issue.Studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis effectively hinders the proliferation of ovarian cancer and induces the demise of malignant cells.Ferroptosis is composed of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system(the system Xc-)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4).Solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and solute carrier family 3 member 2(SLC3A2)play crucial roles in the regulation of ferroptosis by facilitating the uptake of cystine into cells and the efflux of glutamate out of cells,respectively.In cells,GPX4 is the exclusive enzyme employed for reducing liposomal peroxide through glutathione peroxidase activity.The occurrence of ferroptosis in ovarian cancer is strongly associated with three main pathways,namely,the GPX4-glutathione(GSH)protective pathway,the ferroptosis suppressor protein 1(FSP1)-coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)protective pathway,and the guanosine 5'-triphosphate cyclohydrolase I(GCH1)protective pathway.In ovarian cancer cells,the postsynaptic density-95,discs-large,zona occludens 1(PDZ)-binding motif-angiopoietin-like 4-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases 2(TAZ-ANGPTL4-NOX2)pathway can be regulated by Yes-associated protein(YAP)/TAZ,a downstream component of the Hippo pathway,leading to the modulation of ferroptosis.By targeting microRNA-587,lncRNA ADAMTS9 antisense RNA 1(ADAMTS9-AS1)can modulate the expression of SLC7A11 and reduce the occurrence of ferroptosis.Although ferroptosis holds promise in overcoming the resistance mechanism,there remain obstacles in utilizing it as a cancer treatment,including the potential harm of drugs to healthy cells.Hence,additional investigations are required to formulate safer and more efficient chemotherapy protocols for the treatment of ovarian cancer and other malignancies.

Research on the Yunnan Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Economic Management Mode Innovation under Micro Business Environment

In this paper, we conduct research on the Yunnan small and the medium-sized enterprise economic management mode innovation under micro business environment. Small industrial clusters become the root cause of the important characteristics in today’s world economic development and so to speak, with the international competitiveness of industry cluster, which is the important guarantee of stay ahead in the developed countries and districts, the basic carrier of developing countries play a comparative advantage is the basis of transition countries achieve success across the industry. Under the impetus of the practice of the industrial cluster, constantly enrich and deepen the industrial cluster theory, formed the theoretical system of the system. Our research combines the theory of the micro business environment to propose the new business pattern that is meaningful.

Relaxin-encapsulated polymeric metformin nanoparticles remodel tumor immune microenvironment by reducing CAFs for efficient triple-negative breast cancer immunotherapy

Cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)are one of the most abundant stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment which mediate desmoplastic response and are the primary driver for an immunosuppressive microenvironment,leading to the failure of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)immunotherapy.Therefore,depleting CAFs may enhance the effect of immunotherapy(such as PD-L1 antibody).Relaxin(RLN)has been demonstrated to significantly improve transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)induced CAFs activation and tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment.However,the short half-life and systemic vasodilation of RLN limit its in vivo efficacy.Here,plasmid encoding relaxin(pRLN)to locally express RLN was delivered with a new positively charged polymer named polymeric metformin(PolyMet),which could increase gene transfer efficiency significantly and have low toxicity that have been certified by our lab before.In order to improve the stability of pRLN in vivo,this complex was further formed lipid poly-γ-glutamic acid(PGA)/PolyMetpRLN nanoparticle(LPPR).The particle size of LPPR was 205.5±2.9 nm,and the zeta potential was+55.4±1.6 mV.LPPR displayed excellent tumor penetrating efficacy and weaken proliferation of CAFs in 4T1luc/CAFs tumor spheres in vitro.In vivo,it could reverse aberrantly activated CAFs by decreasing the expression of profibrogenic cytokine and remove the physical barrier to reshape the tumor stromal microenvironment,which enabled a 2.2-fold increase in cytotoxic T cell infiltration within the tumor and a decrease in immunosuppressive cells infiltration.Thus,LPPR was observed retarded tumor growth by itself in the 4T1 tumor bearing-mouse,and the reshaped immune microenvironment further led to facilitate antitumor effect when it combined with PD-L1 antibody(aPD-L1).Altogether,this study presented a novel therapeutic approach against tumor stroma using LPPR to achieve a combination regimen with immune checkpoint blockade therapy against the desmoplastic TNBC model.

sTNFRII-gAD-Fc融合蛋白在CHO细胞中的高效表达

构建了人肿瘤坏死因子受体II胞外区、人脂联素球部与人IgG1 Fc的融合基因sTNFRII-gAD-Fc的真核表达载体,在CHO-S细胞中快速高效表达,探索了无血清悬浮流加培养工艺。应用重组PCR将人IgG1 Fc基因片段与sTNFRII-gAD基因片段融合,构建pMH3-sTNFRII-gAD-Fc表达载体,电转染至CHO-S细胞,挑选G418抗性的高表达单克隆,斑点杂交半定量分析和Western blot分析sTNFRII-gAD-Fc的表达,Protein A-Agarose纯化,以及拮抗TNFα的生物活性测定。最后在摇瓶、转瓶及生物反应器中进行了逐级放大的无血清悬浮批次及流加培养,即:2.0 ×106 cells/mL的接种密度,当达到4.0 ×106 cells/mL以上时开始流加培养并以每日葡萄糖的残余量2 g/L左右作为流加体积的控制参数。成功构建pMH3- sTNFRII-gAD-Fc表达载体,检测到sTNFRII-gAD-Fc在CHO-S细胞培养上清中以二聚体和多聚体形式表达,获得了高表达(75 μg/mL)单克隆细胞株,且该蛋白具有显著抑制TNFα杀伤L929细胞的活性。在摇瓶中无血清批次培养和转瓶及生物反应器中流加培养时产量分别为10.0 mg/L、18.3 mg/L和20.5 mg/L。利用CHO-S细胞系统成功实现了sTNFRII-gAD-Fc 融合蛋白的快速高效表达,为建立一套高密度、高效表达该融合蛋白的悬浮流加培养中试工艺打下了良好基础。