我国迁地保护的国家重点保护、受威胁和特有维管植物多样性

启动实施以国家公园和国家植物园体系为主导的就地和迁地保护相结合的生物多样性保护大战略,是我国作为世界生物多样性大国之一的科学使命和责任担当。本文以国家重点保护、受威胁和中国特有维管植物为对象,系统梳理了这3类植物在我国植物园的迁地保护概况,对这些植物的生活型、物种组成和系统发育多样性进行了比较分析,以期为当下国家植物园体系建设提供科学参考和依据。结果表明,我国植物园保存的此3类植物共计7,141种,分属265科1,271属,分别占我国维管植物科、属、种总数的76%、42%和23%。在7,141种植物中,国家重点保护植物743种,受威胁植物2,095种,中国特有植物5,957种,分别占我国国家重点保护、受威胁和特有植物总数的72%、59%和37%。这些植物包括乔木2,555种、灌木1,025种、草本3,117种、攀缘类419种和水生类25种。3类植物在各植物园的物种组成共有比例较低,系统发育多样性存在显著差异。

China:The role of botanical gardens in conservation

Preserving as many as possible of the plants that support us directly as food,medicine,and buildingmaterials and indirectly by maintaining the conditions that make our lives sustainable will be an increasing challenge in the immediate future,owing to our population growth and the climate change that we are driving.With estimates that as many as a third of all kinds of organisms may have become extinct by the end of the century,it is clear that we must save as many of them and as much of their genetic diversity as we possibly can.China,which is home to more than 8%of the world’s plant species,provides an important case in point.