Bioresource Upgrade for Sustainable Energy,Environment,and Biomedicine

We conceptualize bioresource upgrade for sustainable energy,environment,and biomedicine with a focus on circular economy,sustainability,and carbon neutrality using high availability and low utilization biomass(HALUB).We acme energy-efficient technologies for sustainable energy and material recovery and applications.The technologies of thermochemical conversion(TC),biochemical conversion(BC),electrochemical conversion(EC),and photochemical conversion(PTC)are summarized for HALUB.Microalgal biomass could contribute to a biofuel HHV of 35.72 MJ Kg^(-1)and total benefit of 749$/ton biomass via TC.Specific surface area of biochar reached 3000 m^(2)g^(-1)via pyrolytic carbonization of waste bean dregs.Lignocellulosic biomass can be effectively converted into bio-stimulants and biofertilizers via BC with a high conversion efficiency of more than 90%.Besides,lignocellulosic biomass can contribute to a current density of 672 mA m^(-2)via EC.Bioresource can be 100%selectively synthesized via electrocatalysis through EC and PTC.Machine learning,techno-economic analysis,and life cycle analysis are essential to various upgrading approaches of HALUB.Sustainable biomaterials,sustainable living materials and technologies for biomedical and multifunctional applications like nano-catalysis,microfluidic and micro/nanomotors beyond are also highlighted.New techniques and systems for the complete conversion and utilization of HALUB for new energy and materials are further discussed.

Reversed ethane/ethylene adsorption in a metal–organic framework via introduction of oxygen

Separation of ethane from ethylene is a very important but challenging process in the petrochemical industry.Finding an alternative method would reduce the energy needed to make 170 million tons of ethylene manufactured worldwide each year.Adsorptive separation using C2H6-selective porous materials to directly produce high-purity C2H4 is more energy-efficient.We herein report the"reversed C2H6/C2H4 adsorption"in a metal–organic framework Cr-BTC via the introduction of oxygen on its open metal sites.The oxidized Cr-BTC(O2)can bind C2H6 over C2H4 through the active Cr-superoxo sites,which was elucidated by the gas sorption isotherms and density functional theory calculations.This material thus exhibits a good performance for the separation of 50/50 C2H6/C2H4 mixtures to produce 99.99%pure C2H4 in a single separation operation.

Synthesis and characterization of the flower-like La_(x)Ce_(1-x)O_(1.5+δ) catalyst for low-temperature oxidative coupling of methane

Lanthanum-based oxides are promising candidates for low-temperature oxidative coupling of methane(OCM).To further lower the OCM reaction temperature,the Ce doped flower-like La_(2)O_(2)CO_(3)microsphere catalysts were synthesized,achieving a significantly low reaction temperature (375℃) while maintaining high C_(2) hydrocarbon selectivity (43.0%).Doping Ce into the lattice of La_(2)O_(2)CO_(3)created more surface oxygen vacancies and bulk lattice defects,which was in favor of the transformation and migration of oxygen species at 350–400℃.The designed H_(2) temperature-programmed reduction (H_(2)-TPR) experiments provided strong evidence that the low reaction temperature of La_(x)Ce_(1-x)O_(1.5+δ)can be attributed to the transformation and migration of oxygen species,which dynamically generated surface oxygen vacancies for continuous oxygen activation to selectively convert methane.Moreover,designed temperatureprogrammed surface reaction (TPSR) clarified that two kinds of surface oxygen species in La_(x)Ce_(1-x)O_(1.5+δ)catalysts were concerned with catalytic performance,that is,the surface chemisorbed oxygen species for the activation of CH_(2)and the formation of CH_(2)·intermediates,surface La-Ce-O lattice oxygen species that caused the excessive oxidation of CH_(2)·intermediates.Finally,the factors affecting the transformation and migration of oxygen species were explored.

Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis over Alumina- Supported Cobalt-Based Catalysts: Effect of Support Variables

Different kinds of aluminum precursors were obtained from precipitating ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, and saturated ammonium bicarbonate, then, boehmite (AlO(OH)), ammonium alumina carbonate hydroxide (AACH) and their mixture were obtained, and then, different kinds of alumina were obtained after calcination. Three catalysts supported on the different alumina were obtained via impregnating cobalt and ruthenium by incipient wetness. The effects of different precipitants on composition of precursors were?studied by XRD, FTIR, and TGA. The property and structure of alumina were studied by XRD and BET. The supported catalysts were studied by characterizations of XRD and H2-TPR, and the catalytic performance for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) were evaluated at a fix-bed reactor. The relations among the composition of precursors, the property of alumina and the catalytic performance of supported catalysts were researched thoroughly.

Directional amine-based solvent extraction for simultaneous enhanced water recovery,salt separation and effective descaling from hypersaline brines

The feasibility of simultaneous water recovery,salt separation and effective descaling of hypersaline brine was investigated by diisopropylamine(DIPA)-based directional solvent extraction(DSE),using diluted/concentrated seawater with initial saline concentration range of 12–237 g/L at extraction temperatures of 5 and 15°C,respectively.The water recovery shows an obvious boundary at saline concentration of 115 g/L under dual effect of specific water extraction efficiency and extraction cycles.High Cl–ion concentration in product water is in sharp contrast to the nearly complete removal of SO_(4)^(2–)and hardness ions,indicating that DIPA-based DSE process indeed achieved efficient separation and purification of Cl–ion from hypersaline brines.Especially,the radical precipitation of Mg^(2+)and Ca^(2+)ions in form of Mg(OH)_(2)and CaCO_(3)demonstrates effective descaling potential,although it leads to more DIPA residues in dewatered raffinate than product water.Moreover,an exponential correlation between the Cl–removal efficiency and specific water extraction efficiency further reveals the intrinsic relationship of water extraction process and transfer of Cl–ion to the product water.Overall,the study provides a novel approach for integrating the water recovery and separation of Cl–ion from ultra-high-salinity brines with radical precipitation of Mg^(2+)and Ca2+ions in one step.

Bioprinting and regeneration of auricular cartilage using a bioactive bioink based on microporous photocrosslinkable acellular cartilage matrix

Tissue engineering provides a promising strategy for auricular reconstruction.Although the first international clinical breakthrough of tissue-engineered auricular reconstruction has been realized based on polymer scaffolds,this approach has not been recognized as a clinically available treatment because of its unsatisfactory clinical efficacy.This is mainly since reconstruction constructs easily cause inflammation and deformation.In this study,we present a novel strategy for the development of biological auricle equivalents with precise shapes,low immunogenicity,and excellent mechanics using auricular chondrocytes and a bioactive bioink based on biomimetic microporous methacrylate-modified acellular cartilage matrix(ACMMA)with the assistance of gelatin methacrylate(GelMA),poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO),and polycaprolactone(PCL)by integrating multi-nozzle bioprinting technology.Photocrosslinkable ACMMA is used to emulate the intricacy of the cartilage-specific microenvironment for active cellular behavior,while GelMA,PEO,and PCL are used to balance printability and physical properties for precise structural stability,form the microporous structure for unhindered nutrient exchange,and provide mechanical support for higher shape fidelity,respectively.Finally,mature auricular cartilage-like tissues with high morphological fidelity,excellent elasticity,abundant cartilage lacunae,and cartilage-specific ECM deposition are successfully regenerated in vivo,which provides new opportunities and novel strategies for the fabrication and regeneration of patient-specific auricular cartilage.