钢筋混凝土烟囱爆破拆除的下坐及早期断裂预测

为分析钢筋混凝土烟囱在爆破拆除时发生下坐与空中断裂现象的机制并对其进行预测,对一高180 m烟囱的下坐和空中断裂过程进行了观测和分析。基于混凝土的压缩全应力-应变曲线特征,分析了烟囱支撑区的破坏过程,构建了烟囱失稳下坐的判别模型。通过建立烟囱下坐冲击作用下爆破切口以上烟囱的动力响应模型,分析了下坐冲击附加动应变波在烟囱中的传播特征。研究结果表明,考虑混凝土全应力-应变曲线特征和支撑区横截面应力和应变分布特征时,倾覆力矩与抵抗力矩的比值f可作为失稳下坐的判别条件之一;烟囱发生下坐的必要条件是支撑区最小残余承载力小于烟囱的重量。烟囱在下坐结束阶段,获得一定初速度的烟囱冲击基础时将产生冲击荷载,并在烟囱中部引起大于底端应变的应变,即产生动应变高程放大效应,该效应是导致烟囱发生早期断裂的主要原因。烟囱越高,下坐冲击历时越短,动应变高程放大效应越显著,发生断裂的风险也越大。随着烟囱高度的增加,烟囱最危险截面的位置也越高:由烟囱中下部移至烟囱中上部。

Key technologies of precision demolition blasting of ultra-long urban viaduct in complicated surroundings

The key technologies of precision blasting were put forward based on the characteristics of urban via- duct blasting demolition in complicated surroundings. Initial bending instability mechanics model of reinforcing steel bar frame of blasting fragmented pier and sequenced collapsed dynamic model were established for quanti- tative blasting design. Technologies of water pressure blasting were applied in multi-cell box girder fragmenta- tion. The detonating network of non-electric duplication crossover was adopted for the safety and reliability of ultra-long delay. The rationality of blasting scheme and parameters were validated by physical model test. Harm- ful effects were forecasted and controlled by integrated protective technologies. Specialization, cooperation, pre- cision, execution （SCPE） project management method was put forward for precision management. The key tech- nologies of precision demolition blasting can provide reference for similar proiects.