大豆分离蛋白替代鱼粉对哲罗鱼消化生理的影响

为研究大豆分离蛋白替代鱼粉后对哲罗鱼Hucho taimen消化系统组织结构和消化酶活性的影响,在水温为9. 8～16. 2℃时,将初始体质量为(6. 90±0. 04) g的哲罗鱼饲养于室内220 L玻璃钢水族箱中,分别投喂大豆分离蛋白替代0、25. 0%、37. 5%、50. 0%、62. 5%、75. 0%、87. 5%和100. 0%鱼粉的饲料,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放100尾鱼,以含有40. 0%鱼粉的饲料为对照,试验时间为56 d。结果表明:随着鱼粉替代比例的增加,哲罗鱼胃、前肠、幽门盲囊、中肠和胰腺的蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性均呈显著下降趋势(P<0. 05);肠道绒毛和纹状缘高度亦呈显著下降趋势(P<0. 05);高比例替代鱼粉水平(>75%)时,哲罗鱼肠道组织结构完整性被破坏,纹状缘融合、部分脱落,肝脏空泡化现象严重,形态轮廓逐渐模糊,肝细胞核偏移,且溶解或缺失。研究表明,大豆分离蛋白高比例替代鱼粉水平(>75%)显著降低消化系统消化酶活性,损伤肝脏和肠道组织。

大豆分离蛋白替代鱼粉对哲罗鱼氨基酸沉积率的影响

在水温9.8~16.2℃下,将初始体质量为(6.90±0.04)g饲养在室内220L玻璃钢水族箱中,投喂含40%鱼粉的对照组饲料和以大豆分离蛋白替代25%、37.5%、50%、62.5%、75%、87.5%和100%鱼粉的等氮等能试验饲料,流水饲养56d。每个处理3个重复,每个重复100尾鱼。结果表明,大豆分离蛋白替代鱼粉后,鱼体增重和干物质显著下降(P<0.05),但肌肉氨基酸组成和含量未出现显著变化(P>0.05);全鱼的异亮氨酸沉积率最高,其次是蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸。随着大豆分离蛋白替代鱼粉比例的增加,全鱼的氨基酸沉积率显著下降(P<0.05)。饲料中大豆分离蛋白替代鱼粉不改变哲罗鱼肌肉氨基酸组成和含量,但鱼体氨基酸沉积率降低。

低鱼粉饲料中添加苏氨酸对三倍体虹鳟抗氧化能力、消化生理及肠道炎症因子基因表达的影响

研究低鱼粉饲料中不同水平苏氨酸对三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)生长、抗氧化能力、消化生理及肠道炎症因子基因表达的影响,以初始体质量(18.42±0.20)g的三倍体虹鳟为研究对象,在室内200 L流水水族箱中进行摄食生长试验56d。在基础饲料中添加L-苏氨酸,配制苏氨酸水平分别为0.45%(对照)、0.76%、1.09%、1.29%和1.64%的5种等氮等能饲料。将450尾三倍体虹鳟随机分为5组,每组处理3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。结果表明,当添加量为1.09%、1.29%和1.64%时,血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力显著提高,同时显著降低了丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P<0.05),过氧化氢酶(CAT)在1.29%组含量最高,相比对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。在饲料中添加苏氨酸(0.76%-1.64%)时,肠道脂肪酶(LPS)和胰蛋白酶的消化酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但随着饲料苏氨酸水平达到1.64%时,消化酶活性有所降低。1.09%和1.65%组的肠道组织形态最佳,绒毛发达,排列整齐,无融合和脱落现象。苏氨酸水平对肠道炎症因子IL-2、IL-8、IL-10、IgM、TNF-α和PepT1都有显著影响(P<0.05),随着苏氨酸水平的增加,IL-2、IgM和PepT1呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,在1.29%和1.09%组的表达量达到最高;IL-8呈逐渐升高趋势;而IL-10和TNF-α呈下降的变化趋势。研究结果表明,在低鱼粉饲料(15%)中添加适量水平的苏氨酸,对提高三倍体虹鳟幼鱼生长、消化酶活性、促进肠道形态结构发育和增强免疫具有积极的作用。

The Effects of Compound Chinese Medicine Immune Additives on Growth Performance and Antioxidant Capacity of Acipenser schrenckii

[ Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of compound Chinese medicine on growth and antioxidant capacity of Acipenser schrenckii, and to provide a foundation for the application of traditional Chinese medicine as immune additives in sturgeon aquaculture production. [Methods] Three kinds of compound Chinese medicines （respectively called A, B and C） were added into basic material feed as feed additives, continuous fed 1 ^＋ age Acipenser schrenckii for 35 d, then weight gain rate was determined and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, malondialdehyde （MDA） content, total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-PX） activity in serum and liver were detected. [ Results ] Chinese medicine formulae could increase the superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, total antioxidant capacity （ToAOC） and glutathione per- oxidase （GSH-PX） in serum and liver of sturgeon. Especially SOD enzyme activity of serum in the three formulae groups was significantly higher （ P 〈 0.05） than control group, SOD enzyme activities of fish liver in group A and C were significantly higher （ P 〈 0.05） than control group; T-AOC activities of serum and liver in the three formulae groups were both incressed, but had no significant differences with that of the control group; only GSH-PX activities of fish serum in group B and C had significant differences （P〈0.05） with that of control group, GSH-PX activities of liver in the three formulae groups had no significant differences with that of control group; and traditional Chinese medicine could significantly reduce malondialdehyde （MDA） content of sturgeon serum, MDA contents of serum and liver in three formulae groups had significant differences （P 〈 0.05） with that of control group. [ Conclusion] The selected three kinds of compound Chinese medicine additives had different degree of ability to improve sturgeon antioxidant function.

Molecular Typing of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Common Carp in Northeast China

A total of 59 isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila were collected from common carp suffering from freshwater fish hemorrhage disease in 13 fishing grounds in the northeast China, and their phenotypic and genetic characteristics were investigated. All of the isolates were identified as A. hydrophila by traditional biochemical method and yielded a 686-bp DNA fragment of the 16S rDNA gene in the PCR experiments. Collected strains were also evaluated for their susceptibility to 17 different antibiotics. The isolates showed an even trend of the resistance and sensitivity to drugs, highly sensitive to antibiotics, such as Levofloxacin, PolymyxinB, Ofloxacin and resistant to antibiotics, such as Bristopen, Lincomycin, Ampicillin, Teicoplanin. Evaluation of genetic diversity was performed on all isolates by molecular typing with enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus （ERIC-PCR） method. The results showed that three different types, i.e. type I, ]I, and type ~I, were found in 59 isolates and type III accounted for a large proportion of 54.84%. There was no dominant difference between the tendency of the isolates of Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province in these three types, which showed DI 〉 I 〉 I, while the isolates of Liaoning Province showed III 〉 II 〉 I. The percentage of different types in different provinces varied in each other; however, they didn＇t show any obvious regional or cluster-specific branches. In conclusion, the ability to distinguish Aeromonas hydrophila strains from diseased common carp with ERIC-PCR would be useful for epidemiological investigation and population genetic analysis of this pathogen in China.

血清甘露糖结合凝集素相关丝氨酸蛋白酶-2和半乳糖凝集素-3水平与老年肺腺癌患者淋巴结转移的相关性分析

目的观察老年肺腺癌患者血清甘露糖结合凝集素相关丝氨酸蛋白酶-2(mannose-binding lectin associated serine protease-2,MASP-2)、半乳糖凝集素-3(galectin-3,Gal-3)表达情况,探讨其对老年肺腺癌患者淋巴结转移的预测价值。方法117例老年肺腺癌患者均行手术治疗及术后组织病理检查,根据淋巴结转移情况分为转移组30例和未转移组87例,比较2组患者临床资料,采用电化学发光免疫分析法检测患者术前血清癌胚抗原、糖类抗原125水平,采用ELISA法检测患者术前血清MASP-2、Gal-3水平,采用一般线性双变量Spearman直线相关性分析老年肺腺癌患者血清MASP-2、Gal-3水平与癌胚抗原、MASP-2与Gal-3的相关性;绘制ROC曲线,评估术前血清MASP-2、Gal-3水平预测老年肺腺癌患者淋巴结转移的效能。结果117例老年肺腺癌患者30例发生淋巴结转移,发生率为25.64%;转移组术前血清癌胚抗原[22.54(19.31,24.65)μg/L]、糖类抗原125[40.12(38.05,44.47)u/mL]、MASP-2[377.63(372.91,388.86)μg/L]、Gal-3[3.77(3.42,4.58)μg/L]水平均高于未转移组[15.28(12.89,18.61)μg/L、35.08(33.96,37.03)u/mL、361.32(357.35,369.21)μg/L、2.85(2.33,3.46)μg/L](P<0.05);老年肺腺癌患者血清MASP-2、Gal-3水平与癌胚抗原均呈正相关(r=0.292,P=0.001;r=0.307,P=0.001),血清MASP-2水平与Gal-3呈正相关(r=0.194,P=0.036);术前血清MASP-2、Gal-3水平的最佳截断值分别为366.24μg/L、3.18μg/L时,单独及联合检测预测老年肺腺癌患者淋巴结转移的AUC分别为0.875(95%CI:0.800~0.951,P<0.001)、0.870(95%CI:0.805~0.936,P<0.001)、0.903(95%CI:0.836~0.970,P<0.001),灵敏度分别为86.7%、90.0%、93.3%,特异度分别为69.0%、62.1%、57.5%。结论老年肺腺癌淋巴结转移患者血清MASP-2、Gal-3水平增高,早期监测患者血清MASP-2、Gal-3水平对预测肺腺癌淋巴结转移有一定价值。