车桥碰撞属于典型的非线性动力过程,采用理论方法通常难以求解。有限元方法(Finite element method,FEM)是研究车桥碰撞问题的重要工具,但其前处理过程涉及参数及算法众多,实际操作极其繁杂。为提升研究者建模效率,同时提高模型计算精度...车桥碰撞属于典型的非线性动力过程,采用理论方法通常难以求解。有限元方法(Finite element method,FEM)是研究车桥碰撞问题的重要工具,但其前处理过程涉及参数及算法众多,实际操作极其繁杂。为提升研究者建模效率,同时提高模型计算精度,提出一种精细化建模方法,该方法操作步骤为:1)以实际工程为背景,建立完整车辆-桥梁碰撞模型,并进行验证;2)进行网格敏感性分析,选择合适网格尺寸,取得计算效率与精度的平衡;3)对重力荷载进行初始加载,避免桥墩产生P-delta效应。研究结果表明:该精细化建模方法能较好地还原真实事故情况,并且碰撞过程满足能量守恒定律,沙漏能仅为总能量的2.3%;网格尺寸为35 mm和50 mm时桥墩的损伤情况、碰撞力和最大位移均比较接近,100 mm网格桥墩产生的碰撞力和最大位移偏大;ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件默认加载方式下的桥墩轴力呈现幅度较大的波动,最大轴力比预期轴力高75%,采取的重力初始化方法能够在一定程度上消除ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件的固有弊端,避免P-delta效应。该精细化建模方法能有效实现车桥碰撞模拟,并且能够取得良好的精度,可为未来的研究者提供建模思路,提升建模效率。展开更多
Distributed feedback(DFB) quantum cascade lasers(QCLs) in continuous-wave(CW) mode emitting atλ≈7.6μm are presented.Holographic lithography was used to fabricate the first-order distributed feedback grating. ...Distributed feedback(DFB) quantum cascade lasers(QCLs) in continuous-wave(CW) mode emitting atλ≈7.6μm are presented.Holographic lithography was used to fabricate the first-order distributed feedback grating. For a high-reflectivity-coated QCL with 14.5-μm-wide and 3-mm-long cavity,CW output powers of 300 mW at 85 K and still 10 mW at 270 K are obtained.Single-mode emission with a side-mode suppression ratio(SMSR) of about 30 dB and a wide tuning range of ~300 nm in the temperature range from 85 to 280 K is observed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.60525406)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.60736031,60806018,60906026)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2007AA03Z446,2009AA03Z403)
文摘Distributed feedback(DFB) quantum cascade lasers(QCLs) in continuous-wave(CW) mode emitting atλ≈7.6μm are presented.Holographic lithography was used to fabricate the first-order distributed feedback grating. For a high-reflectivity-coated QCL with 14.5-μm-wide and 3-mm-long cavity,CW output powers of 300 mW at 85 K and still 10 mW at 270 K are obtained.Single-mode emission with a side-mode suppression ratio(SMSR) of about 30 dB and a wide tuning range of ~300 nm in the temperature range from 85 to 280 K is observed.