Knowledge of glacier changes and associated hazards is of great importance for the safety consideration of the population and infrastructure in the mountainous regions of Upper Indus Basin(UIB).In this study,we assess...Knowledge of glacier changes and associated hazards is of great importance for the safety consideration of the population and infrastructure in the mountainous regions of Upper Indus Basin(UIB).In this study,we assessed the variations in glacier velocity,glacier surface elevation change,meteorological conditions,and permafrost distribution in Badswat and Shishkat catchments located in UIB to access the potential impact on the occurrence of debris flow in both catchments.We find that the glacier surface velocity increased during the debris flow event in the Badswat catchment and the mean daily temperature was 3.7℃to 3.9℃higher in most of the locations.The enhanced glacier surface elevation lowering period coincide with the rise in temperature during spring and autumn months between 2015 to 2019 in Badswat catchment.The source region of debris flow falls within the lower boundary of permafrost occurrence zone and lies below the 0℃isotherm during late spring and summer months.In Shishkat catchment the 0℃isotherm reaches above the debris flow source area during August and the glacier do not show any significant variations in velocity and surface elevation change.The debris flow source area is adjacent to the slow-moving rock glacier in Shishkat catchment while in Badswat catchment the debris flow initiated from the former glacier moraine.Both catchments are largely glacierized and thus sensitive to changes in climatic conditions and changes in the cryosphere response possess significant threats to the population downstream.Continuous monitoring of cryosphere-climate change in the region can contribute toward the improvement of disaster risk reduction and mitigation policies.展开更多
The regional distribution of landslide dams can provide valuable insights into the interactions among various factors,including lithology,topography,climate,and fluvial landforms in tectonically active mountains.Himal...The regional distribution of landslide dams can provide valuable insights into the interactions among various factors,including lithology,topography,climate,and fluvial landforms in tectonically active mountains.Himalayan rivers are frequently impacted by large-scale landslide damming,which profoundly influence fluvial geomorphology.In this study,we identified 1652 landslide dams in four major rivers of Bhutan and its surrounding area by remote sensing interpretation.Notably,approximately 71%of these landslide dams are found in regions composed of quartzite or gneiss.Fault-related tectonic activity plays a significant role in governing the distribution of these landslide dams,as approximately 83%of the mapped landslide dams are found within a 10 km radius of the nearest fault.The majority of the identified landslide dams are situated in areas with relatively modest local relief,ranging from 227 m to 327 m.These dams tend to cluster in the tributaries,and the stream power of almost 95%of them is typically below 1×10^(6) kg m^(2) s^(-3).Our data,combining the erosion rate and kernel density map of the landslide dams,reveals that regions with high erosion rates do not consistently align with the major high-density distribution of landslide dams.It is shown that the distribution of landslide dams is strongly influenced by the valley form.In comparison to U-shaped valleys,V-shaped valleys exhibit a higher density of landslide dams.Intriguingly,we also find a positive correlation between the landslide-dam distribution density and the erosion rate only in relatively arid regions with mean annual rainfall less than 500 mm.Moreover,the length of the upstream reach protected by the knickpoint associated with both lithology and landslide damming is about three times longer than that protected by the knickpoint associated only with landslide damming.展开更多
针对气藏压裂水平井各级裂缝参数差异较大所导致的温度剖面无规律、产出剖面解释困难等问题,设计了一套基于分布式光纤传感(distributed temperature sensing,DTS)技术的水平井物理模拟实验装置,开展了温度剖面物理模拟实验研究,探究了...针对气藏压裂水平井各级裂缝参数差异较大所导致的温度剖面无规律、产出剖面解释困难等问题,设计了一套基于分布式光纤传感(distributed temperature sensing,DTS)技术的水平井物理模拟实验装置,开展了温度剖面物理模拟实验研究,探究了裂缝导流能力对温度剖面的影响规律。实验结果表明:随着裂缝导流能力的增大,产量增大,温度剖面整体下降,裂缝位置处的温降与对应裂缝的导流能力基本呈正相关;气藏储层渗透率增大时,温度剖面整体下降。据此还提出了一种基于DTS温度剖面实验数据实现快速定位、识别高产裂缝的方法。为实现基于DTS的气藏压裂水平井裂缝诊断及产出剖面解释提供实验依据。展开更多
基金part of a Master research project supported by the Alliance of International Science Organizations(ANSO)supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP,Grant Nos.2019QZKK0902 and 2019QZKK0903)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42071017)the CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(Grant No.2021VEA0005)the Science and Technology Research Program of Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.IMHE-ZDRW-03)。
文摘Knowledge of glacier changes and associated hazards is of great importance for the safety consideration of the population and infrastructure in the mountainous regions of Upper Indus Basin(UIB).In this study,we assessed the variations in glacier velocity,glacier surface elevation change,meteorological conditions,and permafrost distribution in Badswat and Shishkat catchments located in UIB to access the potential impact on the occurrence of debris flow in both catchments.We find that the glacier surface velocity increased during the debris flow event in the Badswat catchment and the mean daily temperature was 3.7℃to 3.9℃higher in most of the locations.The enhanced glacier surface elevation lowering period coincide with the rise in temperature during spring and autumn months between 2015 to 2019 in Badswat catchment.The source region of debris flow falls within the lower boundary of permafrost occurrence zone and lies below the 0℃isotherm during late spring and summer months.In Shishkat catchment the 0℃isotherm reaches above the debris flow source area during August and the glacier do not show any significant variations in velocity and surface elevation change.The debris flow source area is adjacent to the slow-moving rock glacier in Shishkat catchment while in Badswat catchment the debris flow initiated from the former glacier moraine.Both catchments are largely glacierized and thus sensitive to changes in climatic conditions and changes in the cryosphere response possess significant threats to the population downstream.Continuous monitoring of cryosphere-climate change in the region can contribute toward the improvement of disaster risk reduction and mitigation policies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91747207)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1505205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41790434)。
文摘The regional distribution of landslide dams can provide valuable insights into the interactions among various factors,including lithology,topography,climate,and fluvial landforms in tectonically active mountains.Himalayan rivers are frequently impacted by large-scale landslide damming,which profoundly influence fluvial geomorphology.In this study,we identified 1652 landslide dams in four major rivers of Bhutan and its surrounding area by remote sensing interpretation.Notably,approximately 71%of these landslide dams are found in regions composed of quartzite or gneiss.Fault-related tectonic activity plays a significant role in governing the distribution of these landslide dams,as approximately 83%of the mapped landslide dams are found within a 10 km radius of the nearest fault.The majority of the identified landslide dams are situated in areas with relatively modest local relief,ranging from 227 m to 327 m.These dams tend to cluster in the tributaries,and the stream power of almost 95%of them is typically below 1×10^(6) kg m^(2) s^(-3).Our data,combining the erosion rate and kernel density map of the landslide dams,reveals that regions with high erosion rates do not consistently align with the major high-density distribution of landslide dams.It is shown that the distribution of landslide dams is strongly influenced by the valley form.In comparison to U-shaped valleys,V-shaped valleys exhibit a higher density of landslide dams.Intriguingly,we also find a positive correlation between the landslide-dam distribution density and the erosion rate only in relatively arid regions with mean annual rainfall less than 500 mm.Moreover,the length of the upstream reach protected by the knickpoint associated with both lithology and landslide damming is about three times longer than that protected by the knickpoint associated only with landslide damming.
文摘针对气藏压裂水平井各级裂缝参数差异较大所导致的温度剖面无规律、产出剖面解释困难等问题,设计了一套基于分布式光纤传感(distributed temperature sensing,DTS)技术的水平井物理模拟实验装置,开展了温度剖面物理模拟实验研究,探究了裂缝导流能力对温度剖面的影响规律。实验结果表明:随着裂缝导流能力的增大,产量增大,温度剖面整体下降,裂缝位置处的温降与对应裂缝的导流能力基本呈正相关;气藏储层渗透率增大时,温度剖面整体下降。据此还提出了一种基于DTS温度剖面实验数据实现快速定位、识别高产裂缝的方法。为实现基于DTS的气藏压裂水平井裂缝诊断及产出剖面解释提供实验依据。
