目的探讨颈部迷走神经横截面面积(CAS)对帕金森病(PD)的诊断价值。方法选择2019年10月至2022年10月郑州大学人民医院收治的30例PD患者为PD组,同期郑州大学人民医院收治的25例多系统萎缩(MSA)患者为MSA组,另选择同期于郑州大学人民医院...目的探讨颈部迷走神经横截面面积(CAS)对帕金森病(PD)的诊断价值。方法选择2019年10月至2022年10月郑州大学人民医院收治的30例PD患者为PD组,同期郑州大学人民医院收治的25例多系统萎缩(MSA)患者为MSA组,另选择同期于郑州大学人民医院体检健康者30人为健康对照组。采用高分辨率超声测量3组受试者的颈部迷走神经CAS,比较3组受试者颈部迷走神经CAS的差异;采用PD自主神经症状量表(SCOPA-AUT)评估3组受试者自主神经功能的受损程度,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析颈部迷走神经CAS对PD的诊断价值。结果健康对照组、PD组受试者右侧颈部迷走神经CAS显著大于左侧(P<0.05);MSA组受试者双侧颈部迷走神经CAS比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PD组、MSA组受试者双侧颈部迷走神经CAS及平均CAS均显著小于健康对照组(P<0.01)。MSA组受试者右侧颈部迷走神经CAS显著小于PD组(P<0.05);MSA组受试者左侧颈部迷走神经CAS及平均CAS与PD组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PD组、MSA组受试者SCOPA-AUT总分及胃肠道(GI)、心血管系统(CV)、泌尿系统(UR)、性功能(SX)评分显著高于健康对照组(P<0.01)。MSA组受试者的SCOPA-AUT总分及UR、SX评分显著高于PD组(P<0.05)。3组受试者的体温调节(TH)、瞳孔活动(PU)评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,PD患者颈部迷走神经CAS与SCOPA-AUT总分及UR、TH、PU、SX评分均无相关性(r=-0.143、0.281、0.297、0.265、0.312,P>0.05),PD患者颈部迷走神经CAS与GI、CV评分呈负相关(r=-0.683、-0.373,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,颈部迷走神经诊断PD的曲线下面积为0.870(95%置信区间:0.773~0.966,P<0.05),临界值为3.064 mm 2,敏感度为96%,特异度为67%;颈部迷走神经CAS鉴别PD、MSA的线下面积为0.680(95%置信区间:0.537~0.823,P<0.05);当颈部迷走神经CAS<2.709 mm 2时诊断MSA的敏感度为68%,特异度为70%。结论颈部迷走神经CAS对诊断PD具有较高的临床价值,为提高PD的诊断率提供了新的思路。展开更多
One of the critical techniques of quality of experience(Qo E) provisioning in single carrier frequency division multiple access(SC-FDMA) systems is related to implementation of efficient radio resource allocation(RRA)...One of the critical techniques of quality of experience(Qo E) provisioning in single carrier frequency division multiple access(SC-FDMA) systems is related to implementation of efficient radio resource allocation(RRA) schemes. So far as we know, Qo E-based RRA in SC-FDMA systems is still an open issue. Therefore, in this paper, five different Qo E-based RRA schemes in SC-FDMA system are investigated based on different criteria. The first three Qo E criteria applied in other wireless systems are maximizing average mean opinion score(MOS) over all users(Max-MOS), maximizing the minimum MOS among all users(Max Min-MOS) and maximizing the minimum MOS with dropping some users requiring the highest amount of resources(Max Min-Min MOSX.Y-MOS). Then, the improved Max Min-Min MOSX.Y-MOS criterion focuses on changing user dropping principle to promote the probability of more users obtaining satisfied experience. By defining MOS higher than threshold as the effective MOS, maximizing average effective MOS over all users(Max-EMOS) is proposed as a totally new criterion which gives quantitative measurement of how many users to what extent obtaining satisfied experience. Mathematical expressions and solutions of these schemes are also presented in this paper. In addition, performance comparisons are made in simulations to further display their respective advantages and disadvantages.展开更多
文摘目的探讨颈部迷走神经横截面面积(CAS)对帕金森病(PD)的诊断价值。方法选择2019年10月至2022年10月郑州大学人民医院收治的30例PD患者为PD组,同期郑州大学人民医院收治的25例多系统萎缩(MSA)患者为MSA组,另选择同期于郑州大学人民医院体检健康者30人为健康对照组。采用高分辨率超声测量3组受试者的颈部迷走神经CAS,比较3组受试者颈部迷走神经CAS的差异;采用PD自主神经症状量表(SCOPA-AUT)评估3组受试者自主神经功能的受损程度,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析颈部迷走神经CAS对PD的诊断价值。结果健康对照组、PD组受试者右侧颈部迷走神经CAS显著大于左侧(P<0.05);MSA组受试者双侧颈部迷走神经CAS比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PD组、MSA组受试者双侧颈部迷走神经CAS及平均CAS均显著小于健康对照组(P<0.01)。MSA组受试者右侧颈部迷走神经CAS显著小于PD组(P<0.05);MSA组受试者左侧颈部迷走神经CAS及平均CAS与PD组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PD组、MSA组受试者SCOPA-AUT总分及胃肠道(GI)、心血管系统(CV)、泌尿系统(UR)、性功能(SX)评分显著高于健康对照组(P<0.01)。MSA组受试者的SCOPA-AUT总分及UR、SX评分显著高于PD组(P<0.05)。3组受试者的体温调节(TH)、瞳孔活动(PU)评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,PD患者颈部迷走神经CAS与SCOPA-AUT总分及UR、TH、PU、SX评分均无相关性(r=-0.143、0.281、0.297、0.265、0.312,P>0.05),PD患者颈部迷走神经CAS与GI、CV评分呈负相关(r=-0.683、-0.373,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,颈部迷走神经诊断PD的曲线下面积为0.870(95%置信区间:0.773~0.966,P<0.05),临界值为3.064 mm 2,敏感度为96%,特异度为67%;颈部迷走神经CAS鉴别PD、MSA的线下面积为0.680(95%置信区间:0.537~0.823,P<0.05);当颈部迷走神经CAS<2.709 mm 2时诊断MSA的敏感度为68%,特异度为70%。结论颈部迷走神经CAS对诊断PD具有较高的临床价值,为提高PD的诊断率提供了新的思路。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6120123261303251)Asia 3 Foresight Program(11161140319)
文摘One of the critical techniques of quality of experience(Qo E) provisioning in single carrier frequency division multiple access(SC-FDMA) systems is related to implementation of efficient radio resource allocation(RRA) schemes. So far as we know, Qo E-based RRA in SC-FDMA systems is still an open issue. Therefore, in this paper, five different Qo E-based RRA schemes in SC-FDMA system are investigated based on different criteria. The first three Qo E criteria applied in other wireless systems are maximizing average mean opinion score(MOS) over all users(Max-MOS), maximizing the minimum MOS among all users(Max Min-MOS) and maximizing the minimum MOS with dropping some users requiring the highest amount of resources(Max Min-Min MOSX.Y-MOS). Then, the improved Max Min-Min MOSX.Y-MOS criterion focuses on changing user dropping principle to promote the probability of more users obtaining satisfied experience. By defining MOS higher than threshold as the effective MOS, maximizing average effective MOS over all users(Max-EMOS) is proposed as a totally new criterion which gives quantitative measurement of how many users to what extent obtaining satisfied experience. Mathematical expressions and solutions of these schemes are also presented in this paper. In addition, performance comparisons are made in simulations to further display their respective advantages and disadvantages.
