Because of its high purity and excellent orientation, mesophase pitch is a superior precursor for high-performance car-bon materials. However, the preparation of top-notch mesophase pitch faces challenges. Catalytic p...Because of its high purity and excellent orientation, mesophase pitch is a superior precursor for high-performance car-bon materials. However, the preparation of top-notch mesophase pitch faces challenges. Catalytic polycondensation at low temperat-ures is more favorable for synthesizing mesophase pitch, because it circumvents the high-temperature free radical reaction of other thermal polycondensation approaches. The reaction is gentle and can be easily controlled. It has the potential to significantly im-prove the yield of mesophase pitch and easily introduce naphthenic characteristics into the molecules, catalytic polycondensation is therefore a preferred method of synthesizing highly spinnable mesophase pitch. This review provides a synopsis of the selective pre-treatment of the raw materials to prepare different mesophase pitches, and explains the reaction mechanism and associated research advances for different catalytic systems in recent years. Finally, how to manufacture high-quality mesophase pitch by using a cata-lyst-promoter system is summarized and proposed, which may provide a theoretical basis for the future design of high-quality pitch molecules.展开更多
通过真空热压烧结制备出高石墨含量的鳞片石墨/铜复合材料。研究了高石墨含量对鳞片石墨/铜复合材料微观结构和性能的影响。结果表明,随着石墨体积分数的增加(72.08 vol.%~93.34 vol.%),复合材料的密度降低(4.07~2.63 g cm^-3);电导率降...通过真空热压烧结制备出高石墨含量的鳞片石墨/铜复合材料。研究了高石墨含量对鳞片石墨/铜复合材料微观结构和性能的影响。结果表明,随着石墨体积分数的增加(72.08 vol.%~93.34 vol.%),复合材料的密度降低(4.07~2.63 g cm^-3);电导率降低(14.71%~2.45%国际退火铜标准);面向热导率先增加后降低,在石墨体积分数为82.6%时,面向热导率达到最大值为663.73 W m^-1K^-1;面向热膨胀系数降低(6.6×10^-6~2.2×10^-6K^-1);抗弯强度降低(42.48~14.63 MPa),抗压强度降低(45.75~20.46 MPa)。鳞片石墨在复合材料中高度取向排列,分布均匀。并对预测复合材料的热导率模型进行修正,发现测量结果和模型预测结果相吻合。展开更多
Land conversion is considered an effective measure to ensure national food security in China, but little information is available on the quality of low productivity soils, in particular those in acid sulfate soil regi...Land conversion is considered an effective measure to ensure national food security in China, but little information is available on the quality of low productivity soils, in particular those in acid sulfate soil regions. In our study, acid sulfate paddy soils were divided into soils with high, medium and low levels based on local rice productivity, and 60 soil samples were collected for analysis. Twenty soil variables including physical, chemical and biochemical properties were determined. Those variables that were significantly different between the high, medium and low productivity soils were selected for principal component analysis, and microbial biomass carbon （MBC）, total nitrogen （TN）, available silicon （ASi）, pH and available zinc （AZn） were retained in the minimum data set （MDS）. After scoring the MDS variables, they were integrated to calculate a soil quality index （SQI）, and the high, medium and low productivity paddy soils received mean SQI scores of 0.95, 0.83 and 0.60, respectively. Low productivity paddy soils showed worse soil quality, and a large discrepancy was observed between the low and high productivity paddy soils. Lower MBC, TN, ASi, pH and available K （AK） were considered as the primary limiting factors. Additionally, all the soil samples collected were rich in available P and AZn, but deficient in AK and ASi. The results suggest that soil AK and ASi deficiencies were the main limiting factors for all the studied acid sulfate paddy soil regions. The application of K and Si on a national basis and other sustainable management approaches are suggested to improve rice productivity, especially for low productivity paddy soils. Our results indicated that there is a large potential for increasing productivity and producing more cereals in acid sulfate paddy soil regions.展开更多
Stimulated Brillouin scattering is studied by numerically solving the Vlasov Maxwell system. A cascade of stim- ulated Brillouin scattering can occur when a linearly polarized laser pulse propagates in a plasma. It is...Stimulated Brillouin scattering is studied by numerically solving the Vlasov Maxwell system. A cascade of stim- ulated Brillouin scattering can occur when a linearly polarized laser pulse propagates in a plasma. It is found that a stimulated Brillouin scattering cascade can reduce the scattering and increase the transmission of light, as well as intro- duce a bursting behaviour in the evolution of the laser-plasma interaction. The bursting time in the reflectivity is found to be less than half the ion acoustic period. The ion temperature can affect the stimulated Brillouin scattering cascade, which can repeat several times at low ion temperatures and can be completely eliminated at high ion temperatures. For stimulated Brillouin scattering saturation, higher-harmonic generation and wave wave interaction of the excited ion acoustic waves can restrict the amplitude of the latter. In addition, stimulated Brillouin scattering cascade can restrict. the amplitude of the scattered light.展开更多
文摘Because of its high purity and excellent orientation, mesophase pitch is a superior precursor for high-performance car-bon materials. However, the preparation of top-notch mesophase pitch faces challenges. Catalytic polycondensation at low temperat-ures is more favorable for synthesizing mesophase pitch, because it circumvents the high-temperature free radical reaction of other thermal polycondensation approaches. The reaction is gentle and can be easily controlled. It has the potential to significantly im-prove the yield of mesophase pitch and easily introduce naphthenic characteristics into the molecules, catalytic polycondensation is therefore a preferred method of synthesizing highly spinnable mesophase pitch. This review provides a synopsis of the selective pre-treatment of the raw materials to prepare different mesophase pitches, and explains the reaction mechanism and associated research advances for different catalytic systems in recent years. Finally, how to manufacture high-quality mesophase pitch by using a cata-lyst-promoter system is summarized and proposed, which may provide a theoretical basis for the future design of high-quality pitch molecules.
文摘通过真空热压烧结制备出高石墨含量的鳞片石墨/铜复合材料。研究了高石墨含量对鳞片石墨/铜复合材料微观结构和性能的影响。结果表明,随着石墨体积分数的增加(72.08 vol.%~93.34 vol.%),复合材料的密度降低(4.07~2.63 g cm^-3);电导率降低(14.71%~2.45%国际退火铜标准);面向热导率先增加后降低,在石墨体积分数为82.6%时,面向热导率达到最大值为663.73 W m^-1K^-1;面向热膨胀系数降低(6.6×10^-6~2.2×10^-6K^-1);抗弯强度降低(42.48~14.63 MPa),抗压强度降低(45.75~20.46 MPa)。鳞片石墨在复合材料中高度取向排列,分布均匀。并对预测复合材料的热导率模型进行修正,发现测量结果和模型预测结果相吻合。
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201003016)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-31)the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB127405)
文摘Land conversion is considered an effective measure to ensure national food security in China, but little information is available on the quality of low productivity soils, in particular those in acid sulfate soil regions. In our study, acid sulfate paddy soils were divided into soils with high, medium and low levels based on local rice productivity, and 60 soil samples were collected for analysis. Twenty soil variables including physical, chemical and biochemical properties were determined. Those variables that were significantly different between the high, medium and low productivity soils were selected for principal component analysis, and microbial biomass carbon （MBC）, total nitrogen （TN）, available silicon （ASi）, pH and available zinc （AZn） were retained in the minimum data set （MDS）. After scoring the MDS variables, they were integrated to calculate a soil quality index （SQI）, and the high, medium and low productivity paddy soils received mean SQI scores of 0.95, 0.83 and 0.60, respectively. Low productivity paddy soils showed worse soil quality, and a large discrepancy was observed between the low and high productivity paddy soils. Lower MBC, TN, ASi, pH and available K （AK） were considered as the primary limiting factors. Additionally, all the soil samples collected were rich in available P and AZn, but deficient in AK and ASi. The results suggest that soil AK and ASi deficiencies were the main limiting factors for all the studied acid sulfate paddy soil regions. The application of K and Si on a national basis and other sustainable management approaches are suggested to improve rice productivity, especially for low productivity paddy soils. Our results indicated that there is a large potential for increasing productivity and producing more cereals in acid sulfate paddy soil regions.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Funds of China Academy of Engineering Physics(Grant Nos.2010B0102018 and 2010A0102004)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB832904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10975023,10835003 and 10935003)
文摘Stimulated Brillouin scattering is studied by numerically solving the Vlasov Maxwell system. A cascade of stim- ulated Brillouin scattering can occur when a linearly polarized laser pulse propagates in a plasma. It is found that a stimulated Brillouin scattering cascade can reduce the scattering and increase the transmission of light, as well as intro- duce a bursting behaviour in the evolution of the laser-plasma interaction. The bursting time in the reflectivity is found to be less than half the ion acoustic period. The ion temperature can affect the stimulated Brillouin scattering cascade, which can repeat several times at low ion temperatures and can be completely eliminated at high ion temperatures. For stimulated Brillouin scattering saturation, higher-harmonic generation and wave wave interaction of the excited ion acoustic waves can restrict the amplitude of the latter. In addition, stimulated Brillouin scattering cascade can restrict. the amplitude of the scattered light.
