早期应用人免疫球蛋白联合干扰素治疗儿童重症手足口病的疗效及对T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的探讨早期应用干扰素与人免疫球蛋白联合对重症手足口病治疗效果及对T淋巴细胞亚群水平的改善价值。方法选取2018年6月至2020年6月收治的手足口病患儿100例,随机数字表分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组给予干扰素雾化吸入治疗,观察组给予干扰素+人免疫球蛋白治疗,观察2组临床疗效、患儿症状改善时间、炎性因子[白介素-2(IL-2)、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]及T淋巴细胞亚群变化情况。结果观察组临床总疗效为94.00%高于对照组的70.00%(P<0.05);观察组住院时间、血压恢复正常、心率恢复正常及末梢循环改善时间短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组IL-2、IL-6、IL-10及TNF-α水平低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)以及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论重症手足口病患儿临床治疗中选用人免疫球蛋白、干扰素联合方案,可有效降低患儿炎性反应,提高患儿T淋巴细胞亚群水平,提升免疫功能改善效果,促进患儿恢复速度,获得更理想的治疗有效性。

海南地区种植不同菊芋品种的生长指标和糖分组成分析及适宜品种筛选

对种植于海南地区的不同菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus Linn.)品种的生长指标和糖分组成进行比较和分析,并筛选出适宜海南地区种植的菊芋品种。结果表明:随着时间的推移,6个菊芋品种的株高、茎粗、单株地上部干质量、单株根干质量及单株总干质量总体上呈逐渐升高的趋势,而根长的变化趋势各异。10月26日(成熟期),‘泰芋1号’(‘Taiyu No.1’)的株高和茎粗最高,‘南芋9号’(‘Nanyu No.9’)的根长以及块茎和茎干的产量、单株鲜质量和含水率最高,‘南芋1号’(‘Nanyu No.1’)的单株地上部干质量、单株块茎干质量及单株总干质量最高,‘青芋2号’(‘Qingyu No.2’)的单株根干质量最高。随着时间的推移,6个菊芋品种叶片中可溶性糖含量的变幅相对较小,而茎干中可溶性糖含量则总体上呈逐渐降低的趋势;6个菊芋品种叶片和茎干中还原糖含量的变化趋势各异。10月26日,‘南芋9号’叶片中可溶性糖含量最高,6个菊芋品种间叶片中还原糖含量差异不显著,‘泰芋1号’茎干中可溶性糖和还原糖含量最高;‘南芋1号’、‘南芋9号’、‘泰芋1号’和‘泰芋2号’(‘Taiyu No.2’)块茎中可溶性糖含量较高,‘青芋2号’、‘泰芋2号’和‘泰芋3号’(‘Taiyu No.3’)块茎中还原糖含量较高。随着时间的推移,‘南芋1号’、‘南芋9号’和‘青芋2号’叶片和茎干中果糖含量总体上呈逐渐升高的趋势,‘泰芋1号’、‘泰芋2号’和‘泰芋3号’叶片和茎干中果糖含量均呈先降低后升高的趋势;6个菊芋品种叶片中葡萄糖含量总体上呈逐渐升高的趋势,而茎干中葡萄糖含量总体上呈先降低后升高的趋势;6个菊芋品种叶片和茎干中蔗糖含量的变化趋势各异。总体上看,同一时期6个菊芋品种间叶片和茎干中蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖和蔗果五塘含量的差异均不显著。综合研究结果显示:适宜在海南地区种植的菊芋品种为‘南芋1号’和‘南芋9号’。

Effects of small peptides, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on growth performance, digestive enzymes, and oxidative stress in orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, juveniles reared in artificial seawater

Aquaculture production efficiency may increase by using feed additives. This study investigated the effects of different dietary additives [w/w: 2% small peptides, 0.01% probiotics( Bacillus licheniformis) and 0.2% prebiotics(inulin)] on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and oxidative stress in juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial seawater of two salt concentrations(13.5 vs. 28.5). Weight gain rate was significantly higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides, B. licheniformis, inulin, or synbiotics than that in fish fed the basal diet; the greatest weight gain rate was found in fish fed the small peptide treatment [56.0% higher than basal diet]. Higher feed efficiency was detected in fish fed the diet supplemented with small peptides than that of fish in the other dietary treatments. Total protease activity in the stomach and intestines was highest in fish fed the small peptide-treated diet, whereas lipase activity was highest in those fed synbiotics(combination of Bacillus licheniformis and inulin) than that in fish fed the other treatments. Antioxidant enzyme(total superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities and hepatic malondialdehyde content were higher in fish receiving the dietary supplements and maintained in artificial seawater containing 13.5 salinity compared with those in the control(28.5). Hepatic catalase activity in grouper fed the diets with small peptides or synbiotics decreased significantly compared with that in control fish. Overall, the three types of additives improved growth rate of juvenile grouper and digestive enzymes activities to varying degrees but did not effectively improve antioxidant capacity under low-salinity stress conditions.

Antioxidant responses and salt stress tolerance of Aloe vera irrigated by seawater with different salinity

The variations of antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase （SOD： EC 1.15.1.1）, peroxidase （POD： EC 1.11.1.7） and catalase （CAT： EC 1.11.1.6）, lipid peroxidation and major electrolytes in Aloe vera irrigated for three years with seawater having different salinity were studied. The results indicate that POD activity increased significantly at 10% seawater level, whereas decreased at higher seawater levels. The SOD activity decreased with increasing seawater concentration except for treatment with 100% seawater （denoted as T100%） under long-term salt stress. Salinity decreased CAT activity,and increased lipid peroxidation and cell membrane injury. In addition, Ca^2＋ content was high in Aloe irrigated by seawater of low salinity level, but low in Aloe irrigated by seawater of high salinity level. An opposite trend was observed for the effect of seawater on Na^＋ content of plants. K^＋ and Mg^2＋ contents remain relatively stable under various seawater levels, which benefit plant growth.