为明确密度氮素对夏播棉氮素吸收利用的影响,2019—2020年于扬州大学遗传生理重点实验室以特早熟品种中棉所425为材料,2019年采用裂区设计,以密度为主处理,设60,000株hm^(–2)、90,000株hm^(–2)、120,000株hm^(–2)3个水平,以施氮量为...为明确密度氮素对夏播棉氮素吸收利用的影响,2019—2020年于扬州大学遗传生理重点实验室以特早熟品种中棉所425为材料,2019年采用裂区设计,以密度为主处理,设60,000株hm^(–2)、90,000株hm^(–2)、120,000株hm^(–2)3个水平,以施氮量为副区,设施纯氮0 kg hm^(–2)、90 kg hm^(–2)、150 kg hm^(–2)、210 kg hm^(–2)4个水平;2020年采用单因素随机区组设计,设置生产对照CK(90,000株hm^(–2);180 kg hm^(–2)氮素),在120,000株hm^(–2)密度下,设施纯氮0 kg hm^(–2)、90 kg hm^(–2)、150 kg hm^(–2)、210 kg hm^(–2)4个水平,研究密度与氮素处理对此种植方式下产量及其构成以及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,在120,000株hm^(–2)密度下配合施氮150 kg hm^(–2)夏播棉籽棉产量显著提高,达4147.8~5119.2 kg hm^(–2);生殖器官干物重达2605.6~2863.6 kg hm^(–2)且占比达50%以上;生殖器官氮素积累量显著增加,达45.97~60.70 kg hm^(–2);氮素利用率显著提高,氮肥回收利用率达42.58%~44.17%,氮肥农学利用率达7.16~21.34 kg(kg N)–1,氮素生理利用率达19.16~24.03 kg(kg N)–1,氮肥偏生产力达21.12~34.13 kg(kg N)–1,回归分析进一步表明氮肥回收利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮素生理利用率与产量呈显著以上水平线性正相关;喷施脱叶催熟剂前吐絮率达43.59%~60.76%,喷施脱叶催熟剂后可达到正常吐絮的要求。因此,高密中氮配合有利于夏播棉氮素的吸收利用,可为棉花高产高效和减氮提供技术支撑。展开更多
The clovers that comprise Trifolium genus are naturalized in the subtropical and tropical zones in China. They are valuable bioresources as important green manures and pasture grass, which contribute biologically fixe...The clovers that comprise Trifolium genus are naturalized in the subtropical and tropical zones in China. They are valuable bioresources as important green manures and pasture grass, which contribute biologically fixed dinitrogen （N2） and provide nutrition to farming systems. However, there are very few effective strains available for inoculant production and there is little information available about symbiotic rhizobia in Chinese legume clover root nodules. In this study, 139 root nodule bacteria were isolated from two clover species （Trifolium repens and Trifolium pretense） growing in the subtropical and temperate regions of China, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, BOX-PCR, whole cell protein SDS-PAGE, and nodulation tests were performed to characterize these strains. The results showed that phenotypic and genetic diversities among 139 isolates were large, with 83 protein patterns and 66 BOX- AIR profiles, respectively. The rhizobial strains were first divided into two large phenotypic protein groups. The sequencing strains representing the two groups were related to Rhizobium leguminosarum USDA2370T and R. sophorae CCBAU03386T and had 99.6%-100% similarities. The phylogeny specificity of the rhizobia from clover was elucidated, while showed a large variation in the fingerprints of the phenotypes and genotypes and genetic diversity was high （revealed by Shannon diversity index, H＇）. The rhizobial isolates from subtropical regions, such as Anhui Province, Yunnan Province and Hubei Province, had higher diversities than those from temperate areas, such as Hebei Province and Shanxi Province, which could be used to identify rhizobial strains from clover and screen efficient inoculum strains. A number of diverse rhizobial strains had been identified and a pool of currently available clover rhizobial strains were increased. This would ultimately increase the likelihood of identifying more efficient strains suited for developing a successful inoculation strategy for the production of white clover.展开更多
In Bacillus thuringenesis(Bt) transgenic cotton, the cotton boll has the lowest insecticidal protein content when compared to the other organs. The present study investigated the effects of amino acid spray applicatio...In Bacillus thuringenesis(Bt) transgenic cotton, the cotton boll has the lowest insecticidal protein content when compared to the other organs. The present study investigated the effects of amino acid spray application at the peak flowering stage on the cotton boll Bt toxin concentration and yield formation. Boll protein synthesis and carbohydrate conversion were also studied to reveal the fundamental mechanism. Three treatments(i.e., CK, the untreated control;LA1, five amino acids;LA2, 21 amino acids) were applied to two Bt cultivars of G. hirsutum(i.e., the hybrid Sikang 3 and the conventional Sikang 1) in the cotton-growing seasons during 2017 and 2018. Amino acid spray application at the peak flowering stage resulted in an increase of 5.2–16.4% in the boll Bt protein concentration and an increase of 5.5–11.3%in the seed cotton yield, but there was no difference between the two amino acid treatments. In addition, amino acid applications led to increases in the amino acid content, soluble protein content, glutamate pyruvate transaminase(GPT)activity, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(GOT) activity, glucose content, fructose content and soluble acid invertase(SAI) activity. This study also found that Bt protein content, enhanced boll number and the weight of opened bolls were closely related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism. The Bt protein content had significant linear positive correlations with amino acid and soluble protein contents. Enhanced boll number had significant linear positive correlations with the GPT and GOT activities from 15–25 days after flowering(DAF). The weight of opened bolls from 55–65 DAF had a significant linear positive correlation with the SAI activity. These results indicate that the enhancement of boll protein synthesis and carbohydrate conversion by amino acid application resulted in a simultaneous increase in the boll Bt protein concentration and cotton lint yield.展开更多
文摘为明确密度氮素对夏播棉氮素吸收利用的影响,2019—2020年于扬州大学遗传生理重点实验室以特早熟品种中棉所425为材料,2019年采用裂区设计,以密度为主处理,设60,000株hm^(–2)、90,000株hm^(–2)、120,000株hm^(–2)3个水平,以施氮量为副区,设施纯氮0 kg hm^(–2)、90 kg hm^(–2)、150 kg hm^(–2)、210 kg hm^(–2)4个水平;2020年采用单因素随机区组设计,设置生产对照CK(90,000株hm^(–2);180 kg hm^(–2)氮素),在120,000株hm^(–2)密度下,设施纯氮0 kg hm^(–2)、90 kg hm^(–2)、150 kg hm^(–2)、210 kg hm^(–2)4个水平,研究密度与氮素处理对此种植方式下产量及其构成以及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,在120,000株hm^(–2)密度下配合施氮150 kg hm^(–2)夏播棉籽棉产量显著提高,达4147.8~5119.2 kg hm^(–2);生殖器官干物重达2605.6~2863.6 kg hm^(–2)且占比达50%以上;生殖器官氮素积累量显著增加,达45.97~60.70 kg hm^(–2);氮素利用率显著提高,氮肥回收利用率达42.58%~44.17%,氮肥农学利用率达7.16~21.34 kg(kg N)–1,氮素生理利用率达19.16~24.03 kg(kg N)–1,氮肥偏生产力达21.12~34.13 kg(kg N)–1,回归分析进一步表明氮肥回收利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮素生理利用率与产量呈显著以上水平线性正相关;喷施脱叶催熟剂前吐絮率达43.59%~60.76%,喷施脱叶催熟剂后可达到正常吐絮的要求。因此,高密中氮配合有利于夏播棉氮素的吸收利用,可为棉花高产高效和减氮提供技术支撑。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30970005,30370051,and 31360003)the Key Bioengineering Discipline of Hebei Province(1050-5030023)+2 种基金the Public Service Sectors(Agriculture)Research and Special Funds(201303061)the Key Discipline Project for Biotechnology of Hebei ProvinceHebei University Construction Project for Comprehensive Strength Promotion of Midwest Colleges and Universities
文摘The clovers that comprise Trifolium genus are naturalized in the subtropical and tropical zones in China. They are valuable bioresources as important green manures and pasture grass, which contribute biologically fixed dinitrogen （N2） and provide nutrition to farming systems. However, there are very few effective strains available for inoculant production and there is little information available about symbiotic rhizobia in Chinese legume clover root nodules. In this study, 139 root nodule bacteria were isolated from two clover species （Trifolium repens and Trifolium pretense） growing in the subtropical and temperate regions of China, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, BOX-PCR, whole cell protein SDS-PAGE, and nodulation tests were performed to characterize these strains. The results showed that phenotypic and genetic diversities among 139 isolates were large, with 83 protein patterns and 66 BOX- AIR profiles, respectively. The rhizobial strains were first divided into two large phenotypic protein groups. The sequencing strains representing the two groups were related to Rhizobium leguminosarum USDA2370T and R. sophorae CCBAU03386T and had 99.6%-100% similarities. The phylogeny specificity of the rhizobia from clover was elucidated, while showed a large variation in the fingerprints of the phenotypes and genotypes and genetic diversity was high （revealed by Shannon diversity index, H＇）. The rhizobial isolates from subtropical regions, such as Anhui Province, Yunnan Province and Hubei Province, had higher diversities than those from temperate areas, such as Hebei Province and Shanxi Province, which could be used to identify rhizobial strains from clover and screen efficient inoculum strains. A number of diverse rhizobial strains had been identified and a pool of currently available clover rhizobial strains were increased. This would ultimately increase the likelihood of identifying more efficient strains suited for developing a successful inoculation strategy for the production of white clover.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901462 and 31671613)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China (BK20191439)+1 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(KYCX22_3508)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China (PAPD)。
文摘In Bacillus thuringenesis(Bt) transgenic cotton, the cotton boll has the lowest insecticidal protein content when compared to the other organs. The present study investigated the effects of amino acid spray application at the peak flowering stage on the cotton boll Bt toxin concentration and yield formation. Boll protein synthesis and carbohydrate conversion were also studied to reveal the fundamental mechanism. Three treatments(i.e., CK, the untreated control;LA1, five amino acids;LA2, 21 amino acids) were applied to two Bt cultivars of G. hirsutum(i.e., the hybrid Sikang 3 and the conventional Sikang 1) in the cotton-growing seasons during 2017 and 2018. Amino acid spray application at the peak flowering stage resulted in an increase of 5.2–16.4% in the boll Bt protein concentration and an increase of 5.5–11.3%in the seed cotton yield, but there was no difference between the two amino acid treatments. In addition, amino acid applications led to increases in the amino acid content, soluble protein content, glutamate pyruvate transaminase(GPT)activity, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(GOT) activity, glucose content, fructose content and soluble acid invertase(SAI) activity. This study also found that Bt protein content, enhanced boll number and the weight of opened bolls were closely related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism. The Bt protein content had significant linear positive correlations with amino acid and soluble protein contents. Enhanced boll number had significant linear positive correlations with the GPT and GOT activities from 15–25 days after flowering(DAF). The weight of opened bolls from 55–65 DAF had a significant linear positive correlation with the SAI activity. These results indicate that the enhancement of boll protein synthesis and carbohydrate conversion by amino acid application resulted in a simultaneous increase in the boll Bt protein concentration and cotton lint yield.
