Coalescence separation of oil water emulsion on amphiphobic fluorocarbon polymer and silica nanoparticles coated fiber-bed coalescer

Discharging untreated oily wastewater into the environment disrupts the ecological balance,which is a global problem that requires urgent solutions.Superhydrophilic and superoleophilic fibrous medium(FM)effectively separated oil–water emulsion as it was hydrophobic underwater.But its separation efficiencies(SEs)first increased to 98.9%,then dropped to 97.6%in 10 min because of oil-fouling.To tackle this problem,FM deposited with 0%–10%silica nanoparticle(NPsFMs),then coated by fluorocarbon polymer(X-[CH_(2)CH_(2)O]nCH_(2)CH_(2)O-Y-NH-COOCH_(2)C4F9)(FCNPs FMs),was used to enhance its roughness and regulate its initial wettability to improve the anti-fouling property.FCFM and FCNPs FMs were hydrophobic and oleophobic in air and oleophobic underwater.Their water contact angles,oil contact angles and oil contact angles were 115.3°–121.1°,128.8°–136.5°,and 131.6°–136.7°,respectively,meeting the requirement of 90°–140°for coalescence separation.FCNPs FM-5 had the best separation performance with a constant value of 99.8%in 10 min,while that of FCNPs FM-10 slightly decreased to 99.5%.Theoretical released droplet(TRD)diameter,calculated by the square root of the product of pore radius and fiber diameter,was used for the evaluation of coalescence performance.Analyzed by two ideal models,TRD diameter and fiber diameter showed a parabola type relationship,proving that the separation efficiency was a collaborative work of wettability,pore size and fiber diameter.Also,it explained the SEs reduction from FCNPs FM-5 to FCNPs FM-10 was revelent to the three parameters.Moreover,FCNPsFMs effectively separated emulsions stabilized by cationic surfactant CTAB(SEs:97.3%–98.4%)and anionic surfactant SDBS(SEs:91.3%–93.4%).But they had an adverse effect on nonionic surfactant Tween-80 emulsion separation(SEs:94.0%–71.76%).Emulsions made by diverse oils can be effectively separated:octane(SEs:99.4%–100%),rapeseed oil(SEs:97.3%–98.8%),and diesel(SEs:95.2%–97.0%).These findings provide new insights for designing novel materials for oil–water separation by coalescence mechanism.

Riemann Boundary Value Problem of Non-Normal Type on the Infinite Straight Line

Various kinds of Riemann boundary value problems (BVPs) for analytic functions on closed curves or on open arc, doubly periodic Riemann BVPs, doubly quasi-periodic Riemann BVPs, and BVPs for polyanalytic functions have been widely investigated in [1-8]. The main ap- proach is to use the decomposition of polyanalytic functions and their generalization to transform the boundary value problems to their corresponding boundary value problems for analytic functions. Recently, inverse Riemann BVPs for generalized analytic functions or bianalytic functions have been investigated in [9-12]. In this paper, we consider a kind of Riemann BVP of non-normal type on the infinite straight line and discuss the solvable conditions and the general solution for it.

A Kind of Doubly Periodic Riemann Boundary Value Problem on Two Parallel Curves

We proposed a kind of doubly periodic Riemann boundary value problem on two parallel curves. By using the method of complex functions, we investigated the method for solving this kind of doubly periodic Riemann boundary value problem of normal type and gave the general solutions and the solvable conditions for it.

Hilbert Boundary Value Problem with an Unknown Function on Arbitrary Infinite Straight Line

We consider a Hilbert boundary value problem with an unknown parametric function on arbitrary infinite straight line passing through the origin. We propose to transform the Hilbert boundary value problem to Riemann boundary value problem, and address it by defining symmetric extension for holomorphic functions about an arbitrary straight line passing through the origin. Finally, we develop the general solution and the solvable conditions for the Hilbert boundary value problem.

Doubly Periodic Riemann Boundary Value Problem of Non-Normal Type for Analytic Functions on Two Parallel Curves

In this paper, we present and study a kind of Riemann boundary value problem of non-normal type for analytic functions on two parallel curves. Making use of the method of complex functions, we give the method for solving this kind of doubly periodic Riemann boundary value problem of non-normal type and obtain the explicit expressions of solutions and the solvable conditions for it.

Some Properties of a Kind of Singular Integral Operator with Weierstrass Function Kernel

We considered a kind of singular integral operator with Weierstrass function kernel on a simple closed smooth curve in a fundamental period parallelogram. Using the method of complex functions, we established the Bertrand Poincaré formula for changing order of the corresponding integration, and some important properties for this kind of singular integral operator.

USP51/PD-L1/ITGB1-deployed juxtacrine interaction plays a cell-intrinsic role in promoting chemoresistant phenotypes in non-small cell lung cancer

Background:Programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)has been demonstrated to facilitate tumor progression and therapeutic resistance in an immuneindependent manner.Nevertheless,the function and underlying signaling network(s)of cancer cell-intrinsic PD-L1 action remain largely unknown.Herein,we sought to better understand how ubiquitin-specific peptidase 51(USP51)/PD-L1/integrin beta-1(ITGB1)signaling performs a cell-intrinsic role in mediating chemotherapeutic resistance in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:Western blotting and flow cytometry were employed for PD-L1 detection in NSCLC cell lines.Coimmunoprecipitation and pulldown analyses,protein deubiquitination assay,tissue microarray,bioinformatic analysis and molecular biology methods were then used to determine the significance of PD-L1 in NSCLC chemoresistance and associated signaling pathways in several different cell lines,mouse models and patient tissue samples.Ubiquitin-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin(Ub-AMC)-based deubiquitinase activity,cellular thermal shift and surface plasmon resonance(SPR)analyses were performed to investigate the activity of USP51 inhibitors.Results:We provided evidence that cancer cell-intrinsic PD-L1 conferred the development of chemoresistance by directly binding to its membrane-bound receptor ITGB1 in NSCLC.At the molecular level,PD-L1/ITGB1 interaction subsequently activated the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)axis to elicit poor response to chemotherapy.We further determined USP51 as a bona fide deubiquitinase that targeted the deubiquitination and stabilization of the PD-L1 protein in chemoresistant NSCLC cells.Clinically,we found a significant direct relationship between the USP51,PD-L1 and ITGB1 contents in NSCLC patients with chemoresistant potency.The elevated USP51,PD-L1 and ITGB1 levels were strongly associated with worse patient prognosis.Of note,we identified that a flavonoid compound dihydromyricetin(DHM)acted as a potential USP51 inhibitor and rendered NSCLC cells more sensitive to chemotherapy by targeting USP51-dependent PD-L1 ubiquitination and degradation in vitro and in vivo.Conclusions:Together,our results demonstrated that the USP51/PD-L1/ITGB1 network potentially contributes to the malignant progression and therapeutic resistance in NSCLC.This knowledge is beneficial to the future design of advanced cancer therapy.

Single-cell RNA-seq unveils critical regulators of human FOXP3^+regulatory T cell stability

The heterogeneity and plasticity of T lymphocytes is critical for determining immune response outcomes.Functional regulatory T(Treg)cells are commonly characterized by stable FOXP3 expression and have reported to exhibit heterogeneous phenotypes under inflammatory conditions.However,the interplay between inflammation and Treg cell suppressive activity still remains elusive.Here,we utilized singlecell RNA sequencing to investigate how human Treg cells respond to the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6(IL-6).We observed that Treg cells divided into two subpopulations after IL-6 stimulation.TIGITàunstable Treg cells lost FOXP3 expression and gained an effector-like T cell phenotype,whereas TIGIT+Treg cells retained robust suppressive function.Single cell transcriptome analysis revealed a spectrum of cellular states of IL-6-stimulated Treg cells and how cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1(CYP1A1)is a crucial regulator of Treg cell suppressive capability and stability.CYP1A1-deficient human Treg cells developed a Th17-like phenotype after IL-6 stimulation.Our findings implicate CYP1A1 as a previously unidentified regulator of Treg cells that may have target potential for clinical application for biotherapies.

CONVERGENCE PROPERTIES OF THE DEPENDENT PRP CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHODS

In this paper, a new region of βk with respect to ;βk^PRP is given. With two Armijo-type line searches, the authors investigate the global convergence properties of the dependent PRP conjugate gradient methods, which extend the global convergence results of PRP conjugate gradient method proved by Grippo and Lucidi （1997） and Dai and Yuan （2002）.