Gray leaf spot(GLS),caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis,is an important foliar disease of maize(Zea mays L.)worldwide,resistance to which is controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci(QTL).To gain insights into the g...Gray leaf spot(GLS),caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis,is an important foliar disease of maize(Zea mays L.)worldwide,resistance to which is controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci(QTL).To gain insights into the genetic architecture underlying the resistance to this disease,an association mapping population consisting of 161 inbred lines was evaluated for resistance to GLS in a plant pathology nursery at Shenyang in 2010 and 2011.Subsequently,a genome-wide association study,using 41,101 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),identified 51 SNPs significantly(P<0.001)associated with GLS resistance,which could be converted into 31 QTL.In addition,three candidate genes related to plant defense were identified,including nucleotidebinding-site/leucine-rich repeat,receptor-like kinase genes similar to those involved in basal defense.Two genic SNPs,PZE-103142893 and PZE-109119001,associated with GLS resistance in chromosome bins 3.07 and 9.07,can be used for marker-assisted selection(MAS)of GLS resistance.These results provide an important resource for developing molecular markers closely linked with the target trait,enhancing breeding efficiency.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter investigates a class of distributed optimization problems with constrained communication.A quantized discrete-time eventtriggered zero-gradient-sum algorithm(QDE-ZGS)is developed to optimize th...Dear Editor,This letter investigates a class of distributed optimization problems with constrained communication.A quantized discrete-time eventtriggered zero-gradient-sum algorithm(QDE-ZGS)is developed to optimize the sum of local functions over weight-balanced directed networks.Based on an encoder-decoder scheme and a zooming-in technique,an event-triggered quantization communication is designed.Theoretical analysis shows that the exact convergence to the global optimal solution is guaranteed when the triggering threshold is bounded and the scaled sequence introduced by the zooming-in technique is quadratic summable.When the scaled sequence is bounded by an exponential decay function,QDE-ZGS converges linearly to the unique global optimal solution.Numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the theoretical results.展开更多
Zm ERECTA-LIKE2 sequences were isolated according to the Zea mays genome. The study indicates that zm ERECTALIKE2 is composed of 2 410 nucleotides and encodes a receptor-like kinase which consists of 774 amino acids b...Zm ERECTA-LIKE2 sequences were isolated according to the Zea mays genome. The study indicates that zm ERECTALIKE2 is composed of 2 410 nucleotides and encodes a receptor-like kinase which consists of 774 amino acids by biological analysis. The results show that zm ERECTA-LIKE2 protein contains 13 domains of leucine-rich repeats and belongs to the PKclike family, it is a liposoluble protein, with a conserved transmembrane region.展开更多
基金jointly funded by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2012AA101104)the Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System of Maize(CARS-02-02)
文摘Gray leaf spot(GLS),caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis,is an important foliar disease of maize(Zea mays L.)worldwide,resistance to which is controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci(QTL).To gain insights into the genetic architecture underlying the resistance to this disease,an association mapping population consisting of 161 inbred lines was evaluated for resistance to GLS in a plant pathology nursery at Shenyang in 2010 and 2011.Subsequently,a genome-wide association study,using 41,101 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),identified 51 SNPs significantly(P<0.001)associated with GLS resistance,which could be converted into 31 QTL.In addition,three candidate genes related to plant defense were identified,including nucleotidebinding-site/leucine-rich repeat,receptor-like kinase genes similar to those involved in basal defense.Two genic SNPs,PZE-103142893 and PZE-109119001,associated with GLS resistance in chromosome bins 3.07 and 9.07,can be used for marker-assisted selection(MAS)of GLS resistance.These results provide an important resource for developing molecular markers closely linked with the target trait,enhancing breeding efficiency.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61988101,61922030,61890930-3)Shanghai International Science Technology Cooperation Program(21550712400)。
文摘Dear Editor,This letter investigates a class of distributed optimization problems with constrained communication.A quantized discrete-time eventtriggered zero-gradient-sum algorithm(QDE-ZGS)is developed to optimize the sum of local functions over weight-balanced directed networks.Based on an encoder-decoder scheme and a zooming-in technique,an event-triggered quantization communication is designed.Theoretical analysis shows that the exact convergence to the global optimal solution is guaranteed when the triggering threshold is bounded and the scaled sequence introduced by the zooming-in technique is quadratic summable.When the scaled sequence is bounded by an exponential decay function,QDE-ZGS converges linearly to the unique global optimal solution.Numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the theoretical results.
基金Supported by the Importation and Development of High-caliber Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions(CIT and TCD 201304096)
文摘Zm ERECTA-LIKE2 sequences were isolated according to the Zea mays genome. The study indicates that zm ERECTALIKE2 is composed of 2 410 nucleotides and encodes a receptor-like kinase which consists of 774 amino acids by biological analysis. The results show that zm ERECTA-LIKE2 protein contains 13 domains of leucine-rich repeats and belongs to the PKclike family, it is a liposoluble protein, with a conserved transmembrane region.
