锰化合物抗氧化及保护头发光损伤功效评价

采用体外评价方法对甘氨酸锰(GlyMn)、硫酸锰(MnSO4)进行抗氧化及保护头发光损伤功效研究。通过测定GlyMn、MnSO4对超氧自由基和过氧化氢以及羟基自由基清除活性,考察GlyMn、MnSO4对活性氧自由基含量的影响,评价其抗氧化功效。采用模拟太阳光诱导头发光损伤的氧化损伤实验测试头发黑色素降解产生自由基含量,头发表面SEM表征评价锰化合物对头发的光保护作用。采用人体功效实验评价GlyMn、MnSO4洗发液的功能。结果表明,GlyMn、MnSO4对3种自由基均有明显的清除作用,其中3 mmol/L锰化合物能明显清除超氧自由基,清除能力相当于3 U/mL锰超氧化物歧化酶,当当锰化合物浓度在50 mmol/L时能明显降低头发中黑色素降解产生的自由基,能够有效保护头发光损伤,保护头发毛鳞片不受损害,表现出明显的抗氧化及头发光损伤保护功效。

Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin ameliorates aging-impaired endogenous tendon regeneration by rejuvenating senescent tendon stem/progenitor cells

Adult tendon stem/progenitor cells(TSPCs)are essential for tendon maintenance,regeneration,and repair,yet they become susceptible to senescence with age,impairing the self-healing capacity of tendons.In this study,we employ a recently developed deep-learning-based efficacy prediction system to screen potential stemness-promoting and senescence-inhibiting drugs from natural products using the transcriptional signatures of stemness.The top-ranked candidate,prim-O-glucosylcimifugin(POG),a saposhnikovia root extract,could ameliorate TPSC senescent phenotypes caused by long-term passage and natural aging in rats and humans,as well as restore the self-renewal and proliferative capacities and tenogenic potential of aged TSPCs.In vivo,the systematic administration of POG or the local delivery of POG nanoparticles functionally rescued endogenous tendon regeneration and repair in aged rats to levels similar to those of normal animals.Mechanistically,POG protects TSPCs against functional impairment during both passage-induced and natural aging by simultaneously suppressing nuclear factor-κB and decreasing mTOR signaling with the induction of autophagy.Thus,the strategy of pharmacological intervention with the deep learning-predicted compound POG could rejuvenate aged TSPCs and improve the regenerative capacity of aged tendons.

Occurrence of Aflatoxin B_(1),deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in feeds in China during 2018-2020

Background:The current study was conducted to investigate the individual and combined occurrence of aflatoxin B_(1)(AFB_(1)),deoxynivalenol(DON)and zearalenone(ZEN)in feeds from various Provinces of China during 2018 to 2020.A total of 3,507 feed samples,including 2,090 feed ingredients and 1,417 complete feed samples,were collected from different areas of China for mycotoxins analysis.Results:The individual contamination of AFB_(1),DON and ZEN were present in more than 81.9%,96.4% and 96.9% of feed samples,respectively,with average concentration ranges of AFB_(1) between 1.2-27.4μg/kg,DON between 458.0-1,925.4μg/kg and ZEN between 48.1-326.8μg/kg.Notably,0.9%,0.5% and 0.1% of feed ingredients,and 1.2-12.8%,0.9-2.9% and 0-8.9% of complete feeds for pigs,poultry and ruminants with AFB_(1),ZEN and DON that exceeded China’s safety standards,respectively.Moreover,more than 81.5%of feed ingredients and 95.7% of complete feeds were co-contaminated with various combinations of these mycotoxins.Conclusion:This study indicates that the feeds in China were universally contaminated with AFB_(1),DON and ZEN during the past 3 years.These findings highlight the significance of monitoring mycotoxin contaminant levels in the domestic animal feed,and the importance of carrying out feed administration and remediation strategies for mycotoxin control.

Hierarchical porous MgBO_2(OH) microspheres: Hydrothermal synthesis,thermal decomposition, and application as adsorbents for Congo red removal

A facile eco-friendly hydrothermal route(180 °C, 12.0 h) has been developed for the first time to the uniform hierarchical porous MgBO_2(OH) microspheres without the aid of any organic additive, surfactant or template, by using the abundant MgCl_2·6 H_2 O, H_3BO_3 and NaOH as the raw materials. The as-obtained porous microspheres exhibit a specific surface area of 94.752 mg·g^(-1), pore volume of 0.814 cm3·g^(-1), and ca. 84.0% of which have a diameter of 2.25–3.40 μm. The thermal decomposition of the porous MgBO_2(OH) microspheres(650 °C,2.5 °C·min^(-1)) leads to the porous Mg_2B_2O_5 microspheres with well-retained morphology. When utilized as the adsorbents for the removal of CR from mimic waste water, the present porous MgBO_2(OH) microspheres exhibit satisfactory adsorption capacity, with the maximum adsorption capacity q^(-1) mof 309.1 mg·g, much higher than that derived from most of the referenced adsorbents. This opens a new window for the facile green hydrothermal synthesis of the hierarchical porous MgBO_2(OH) microspheres, and extends the potential application of the 3 D hierarchical porous metal borates as high-efficiency adsorbents for organic dyes removal.

Efficient separation of C_(4) olefins using tantalum pentafluor oxide anion-pillared hybrid microporous material

With the increasing demand for synthetic rubber,the purification of 1,3-butadiene(C_(4)H_(6))is of great industrial significance.Herein,the successful removal of n-butene(n-C_(4)H_(8))and iso-butene(iso-C_(4)H_(8))from 1,3-butadiene(C_(4)H_(6))was realized by synthesizing a novel TaOF_(5)^(2-) anion-pillared ultramicroporous material TaOFFIVE-3-Ni(also referred to as ZU-96,TaOFFIVE=TaOF_(5)^(2-),3=pyrazine).Single-component adsorption isotherms show that TaOFFIVE-3-Ni can achieve the exclusion of n-C_(4)H_(8) and iso-C_(4)H_(8) in the low pressure region(0–30 kPa),and uptake C_(4)H_(6) with a high capacity of 92.78 cm^(3)·cm^(-3)(298 K and 100 kPa).The uptake ratio of C_(4)H_(6)/iso-C_(4)H_(8) on TaOFFIVE-3-Ni was 20.83(298 K and 100 kPa),which was the highest among the state-of-the-art adsorbents reported so far.With the rotation of anion and pyrazine ring,the pore size changes continuously,which makes smaller-size C_(4)H_(6) enter the channel while larger-size n-C_(4)H_(8) and iso-C_(4)H_(8) are completely blocked.The excellent breakthrough performance of TaOFFIVE-3-Ni shows great potential in industrial separation of C4 olefins.The specific adsorption binding sites within ZU-96 was further revealed through the modeling calculation.

Improving herdsmen’s well-being through scenario planning:A case study in Xilinhot City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Grassland ecosystems support well-being with food,shelter,income,and culture of herdsmen.While the associa-tion between ecosystem services and human well-being has been widely studied,such association is understudied in grassland ecosystems.This study aims to fill this gap through a case study of Xilinhot City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.We examined the association between grassland provisioning services and herds-men’s well-being between 1985 and 2015 through participatory observations,interviews,surveys,and Bayesian belief network modeling.Considering the uncertainties of weather and sheep prices,we developed four scenarios to examine the future well-being of herdsmen.Our results show that the most important factor for herdsmen’s well-being was income,which is highly sensitive to the market price of sheep and precipitation.Considering the uncertainties of sheep prices and precipitation,scenario analysis revealed a divergence between income and well-being.While herdsmen’s income is most likely to increase with low precipitation and increased sheep prices,their well-being is most likely to improve with abundant precipitation and increased sheep prices.Based on our find-ings,we argue that developing alternative income sources(e.g.,tourism),reducing dependence on government subsidies through commercial insurance,and branding lamb with grassland ecosystem to alleviate the impact of price fluctuations would help improve herdsmen’s well-being in all scenarios.

Spatial heterogeneity and compositional profiles of dissolved organic matter in farmland soils across China' Mainland

Dissolved organic matter(DOM) plays an essential role in many geochemical processes,however its complexity, chemical diversity, and molecular composition are poorly understood. Soil samples were collected from 500 vegetable fields in administrative regions of China' Mainland, of which 122 were selected for further investigation. DOM properties were characterized by three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix(3D-EEM) fuorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FTICRMS)(field intensity is 15 Tesla). Our results indicated that the main constituents were UVA humic-like substances, humic-like substances, fulvic acid-like substances, and tyrosine-like substances. A total of 10,989 molecular formulae with a mass range of 100.04 to 799.59 Da were detected, covering the mass spectrometric information of the soil samples from 27 different regions. CHO and CHON molecules were dominant in DOM, whereas lignin, tannins,and aromatic substances served as the main components. The results of cluster analysis revealed that the soil properties in Jiangxi Province were considerably different from those in other regions. The key backgrounds of the DOM molecular characteristics in the vegetablefield soil samples across China' Mainland were provided at the molecular level, with large abundance and great variability.

Force-induced Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis regulates orthodontic tooth movement

Pyroptosis,an inflammatory caspase-dependent programmed cell death,plays a vital role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and activating inflammatory responses.Orthodontic tooth movement(OTM)is an aseptic force-induced inflammatory bone remodeling process mediated by the activation of periodontal ligament(PDL)progenitor cells.However,whether and how force induces PDL progenitor cell pyroptosis,thereby influencing OTM and alveolar bone remodeling remains unknown.In this study,we found that mechanical force induced the expression of pyroptosis-related markers in rat OTM and alveolar bone remodeling process.Blocking or enhancing pyroptosis level could suppress or promote OTM and alveolar bone remodeling respectively.Using Caspase-1^(−/−)mice,we further demonstrated that the functional role of the force-induced pyroptosis in PDL progenitor cells depended on Caspase-1.Moreover,mechanical force could also induce pyroptosis in human ex-vivo force-treated PDL progenitor cells and in compressive force-loaded PDL progenitor cells in vitro,which influenced osteoclastogenesis.Mechanistically,transient receptor potential subfamily V member 4 signaling was involved in force-induced Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis in PDL progenitor cells.Overall,this study suggested a novel mechanism contributing to the modulation of osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone remodeling under mechanical stimuli,indicating a promising approach to accelerate OTM by targeting Caspase-1.

Identification of Arabidopsis MYB56 as a Nove Substrate for CRL3BPM E3 Ligases

Controlled stability of proteins is a highly efficient mechanism to direct diverse processes in living cells. A key regulatory system for protein stability is given by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, which uses E3 ligases to mark specific proteins for degradation. In this work, MYB56 is identified as a novel target of a CULLIN3 （CUL3）-based E3 ligase. Its stability depends on the presence of MATH-BTB/POZ （BPM） proteins, which function as substrate adaptors to the E3 ligase. Genetic studies have indicated that MYB56 is a negative regulator of flowering, while BPMs positively affect this developmental program. The interaction between BPMs and MYB56 occurs at the promoter of FLOWERING LOCUS T （FT）, a key regulator in initiating flowering in Arabidopsis, and results in instability of MYB56. Overall the work establishes MYB transcription factors as substrates of BPM proteins, and provides novel information on components that participate in controlling flowering time in plants.

Emission factors of particulate matter, CO and CO_2 in the pyrolytic processing of typical electronic wastes

A self-designed experimental device was employed to simulate the pyrolytic dismantling process of selected electronic wastes(E-wastes), including printed wiring boards(PWBs)and plastic casings. The generated particulate matter(PM) of different particle sizes, carbon monoxide(CO) and carbon dioxide(CO_2) were determined, and the corresponding emission factors(EFs) were estimated. Finer particles with particle sizes of 0.4–2.1 μm accounted for78.9% and 89.3% of PM emitted by the pyrolytic processing of PWBs and plastic casings,respectively, and the corresponding EFs were 9.68 ± 4.81 and 18.49 ± 7.2 g/kg, respectively.The EFs of CO and CO_2 from PWBs and plastic casings were 55.9 ± 26.9 and 1182 ± 439 g/kg,and 133.6 ± 34.6 and 2827 ± 276 g/kg, respectively. Compared with other emission sources,such as coal, biomass, and traffic exhaust, the EFs of E-wastes were relatively higher,especially for PM. There were significant positive correlations(p < 0.05) of the initial contents of carbon and nitrogen in PWBs with the related EFs of PM, CO, and CO_2, while the correlations for plastic casings were insignificant. The EFs of CO of PWBs were significantly positively correlated with the corresponding EFs of PM and the parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs); however, the same result was not observed for plastic casings.

MYB106 is a negative regulator and a substrate for CRL3^(BPM) E3 ligase in regulating flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana

Flowering time is crucial for successful reproduction in plants, the onset and progression of which are strictly controlled. However, flowering time is a complex and environmentally responsive history trait and the underlying mechanisms still need to be fully characterized. Post-translational regulation of the activities of transcription factors(TFs) is a dynamic and essential mechanism for plant growth and development. CRL3 BPME3 ligase is a CULLIN3-based E3 ligase involved in orchestrating protein stability via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Our study shows that the mutation of MYB106 induced early flowering phenotype while over-expression of MYB106 delayed Arabidopsis flowering. Transcriptome analysis of myb106 mutants reveals 257 differentially expressed genes between wild type and myb106-1 mutants, including Flowering Locus T(FT) which is related to flowering time. Moreover, in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assays(EMSA), in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction(ChIP-q PCR) assays and dual luciferase assays demonstrate that MYB106 directly binds to the promoter of FT to suppress its expression. Furthermore, we confirm that MYB106 interacts with BPM proteins which are further identified by CRL3 BPME3 ligases as the substrate. Taken together, we have identified MYB106 as a negative regulator in the control of flowering time and a new substrate for CRL3 BPM E3 ligases in Arabidopsis.

Improved dissolution and anti-inflammatory effect of ibuprofen by solid dispersion

The purpose of this study was to improve the dissolution rate and anti-inflammatory effect of ibuprofen by a solid dispersion(SD)method.Initial screening was developed based on drug solubility in carriers in the liquid state to select a suitable water-soluble carrier system for the preparation of SDs.The dissolution of ibuprofen in urea was higher than in PEG4000 or mannitol.Thus,urea was selected as the carrier for the preparation of SDs.SDs were characterized in terms of dissolution,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.Solid dispersionbased(SDBT)and conventional(CT)tablets were prepared by the wet granulation method.The antiinflammatory effect of SDBT was evaluated using the mouse ear edema test with xylene.In vitro release results indicated that the ibuprofen dissolution rate was improved by the SD.SD characterization results suggested that ibuprofen partly precipitates in crystalline and amorphous forms after SD preparation and that ibuprofen and urea do not interact.SDBT displayed more significant anti-inflammatory effects than CT.The dissolution rate and anti-inflammatory effect of ibuprofen were significantly enhanced by the ibuprofen-urea SD.