Discussion on the Effectiveness of Elevating HDL-C in Treating Cardiovascular Diseases of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

High density lipoprotein protects cardiovascular diseases and reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases through cholesterol reverse transport and other mechanisms. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is an independent predictor of negative events in cardiovascular diseases. Low concentration of HDL-C indicates abnormal regulation of HDL anabolism. Various proteins and receptors such as cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) are involved in HDL anabolism. Type 2 Diabetes Mullitu and its related metabolic syndrome, chronic inflammation as well as oxidative stress not only affect the proteins and receptors related to HDL anabolism, but also affect their functional changes, making HDL change from anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, protecting endothelial cell function to pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidative and pro-endothelial cell apoptosis. This article will describe the relationship between HDL-C, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases from the effects of T2DM on HDL anabolism and function, and further explore the effectiveness of elevating HDL-C in treating cardiovascular diseases of patients with type 2 diabetes.

A boundary surrogate model for micro/nano grooved surface structure applied in turbulence flow control over airfoil

The application of grooved surface structure is an emerging and effective means in turbulence flow control.However,for a realistic configuration,the global flow field described directly by simple application of massive grids makes it unfeasible to simulate.In this paper,a boundary surrogate model reproducing the effect of microscopic near-wall region is proposed to improve computational efficiency.The surrogate model trained with Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)considering the rarefied effect based on real micro/nanoflow field is new among literature,which accurately shows flow characteristics of the micro/nano structure.With this approach,numerical simulations via Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes equations with modified wall boundary condition are performed in subsonic and transonic flow.The results show that micro/nano grooved surface structure has the effect of delaying transition from laminar to turbulence,thus reducing the skin friction significantly.Analysis of turbulence intensity and turbulence kinetic energy shows that the near-wall flow field of grooved airfoil is more stable compared with that of the smooth airfoil.The reducing rate of maximum turbulent intensity reaches 13.39%.The paper shows a perspective for further application of micro/nano groove structure to turbulence flow control in aircraft design by providing an accurate and efficient simulation method.

A ratiometric fluorescent probe for alkaline phosphatase with high sensitivity

Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)is one of essential biomarkers in mammalian tissue.Here we report a ratiometric probe for ALP,which is rationally designed and synthesized by employing ESIPT fluorophore N-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)benzamide(BTHPB).The enzymatic dephosphorylation converts the probe to BTHPB,which exhibits a large spectral red-shift(120 nm),allowing extremely high sensitivity of ALP sensing at 0.004 mU/mL.The probe also shows excellent biocompatibility and has been applied for monitoring the endogenic ALP in living cells.