Green synthesis has grabbed appreciable attention to eliminate the negative effects associated with various chemical processes. Due to the unparalleled electrical, mechanical, thermal and excellent physical properties...Green synthesis has grabbed appreciable attention to eliminate the negative effects associated with various chemical processes. Due to the unparalleled electrical, mechanical, thermal and excellent physical properties, graphene, as the thinnest two-dimensional material with high surface area, has the unfathomable potential in the domain of green chemistry in terms of both synthesis and application. In this regard, we present an overview of the research progresses on the greener synthesis of graphene, including micromechanical exfoliation, chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO), chemical vapor synthesis and popping of GO. Meanwhile, various applications of graphene pertinent to sustainable developments, such as energy storage, catalysis, electrochemistry, fuel cell, supercapacitor and biomedicine have also been highlighted.展开更多
Insect mitochondrial(mt) genomes are of great interest in researching on molecular evolution, phylogenetics and population genetics. Aphidoidea have about more than 5 000 known species including some agricultural, for...Insect mitochondrial(mt) genomes are of great interest in researching on molecular evolution, phylogenetics and population genetics. Aphidoidea have about more than 5 000 known species including some agricultural, forestry and horticultural pests. However, only nine complete mt genomes have been previously released in this insect group since the first one, Schizaphis graminum(Hemiptera: Aphididae: Aphidinae) in 2004. Herein, we present the complete mitochondrial genome of Eriosoma lanigerum, the first species from the subfamily Eriosomatinae. This study takes this species as an example, combing the research during past 12 years, and concludes the general methods to obtain, analyze and annotate the complete mitochondrial genome of aphid species.展开更多
As the second largest and most diverse group in the superfamily Aphidoidea,the phylogeny of drepanosiphine aphids sensu lato(s.l.)is critical for discussing the evolution of aphids.However,the taxa composition and phy...As the second largest and most diverse group in the superfamily Aphidoidea,the phylogeny of drepanosiphine aphids sensu lato(s.l.)is critical for discussing the evolution of aphids.However,the taxa composition and phylogenetic relationships of drepanosiphine aphids s.l.have not been fully elucidated to date.In this study,based on total-evidence analyses combining 4 molecular genes(3 mitochondrial,COI,tRNA-Leu/COII,and CytB;1 nuclear,EF-1A)and 64 morphological and biological characteristics,the phylogeny of this group was reconstructed for the first time at the subfamily level using different datasets,parsimonies and model-based methods.All of our phylogenetic inferences clearly indicated that the drepanosiphine aphids s.l.was not a monophyletic group and seemed to support the division of the drepanosiphine aphids s.l.into different groups classified at the subfamily level.Calaphidinae was also not a monophyletic group,and Saltusaphidinae was nested within this subfamily.Drepanosiphinae was not clustered with Chaitophorinae,which was inconsistent with the previous hypothesis of a close relationship between them,illustrating that their phylogeny remains controversial.Overall,some groups of drepanosiphine aphids s.l.,including Phyllaphidinae,Macropodaphidinae,Pterastheniinae,Lizeriinae,Drepanosiphinae,Spicaphidinae,Saltusaphidinae,and Calaphidinae,clustered together and might constitute the actual drepanosiphine aphids s.l.To a certain extent,our results clarified the phylogenetic relationships among drepanosiphine aphids s.l.and confirmed their taxonomic status as subfamilies.展开更多
Biological invasion is considered among the most important global environmental problems.Knowledge of the source and dispersal routes of invasion could facilitate the eradication and control of invasive species.Soybea...Biological invasion is considered among the most important global environmental problems.Knowledge of the source and dispersal routes of invasion could facilitate the eradication and control of invasive species.Soybean aphid,Aphis glycines,is among the most destructive soybean pests.For effective management of this pest,we conducted genetic analyses and approximate Bayesian computation analysis to determine the origins and dispersal of the aphid species,as well as the source of its invasion in the USA,using 8 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene.We were able to identify a significant isolation by distance pattern and 3 genetic lineages in the microsatellite data but not in the mtDNA dataset.The genetic structure showed that the USA population had the closest relationship with those from Korea and Japan,indicating that the 2 latter populations might be the sources of the invasion to the USA.Both population genetic analyses and approximate Bayesian computation showed that the northeastern populations in China were the possible sources of the further spread of A.glycines to Indonesia.The dispersal history of this aphid can provide useful information for pest management strategies and can further help predict areas at risk of invasion.展开更多
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been widely applied for plant genome editing.The commonly used SpCas9 has been shown to rely on the protospacer adjacent motif(PAM)sequences in the canonical form NGG and non-canonical NAG.A...The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been widely applied for plant genome editing.The commonly used SpCas9 has been shown to rely on the protospacer adjacent motif(PAM)sequences in the canonical form NGG and non-canonical NAG.Although these PAM sequences are extensively distributed across plant genomes,a broader scope of PAM sequence is required to expand the range of genome editing.Here we report the adoption of three variant enzymes,xCas9,SpCas9-NG and XNG-Cas9,to produce targeted mutation in soybean.Sequencing results determined that xCas9 with the NGG and KGA(contains TGA and GGA)PAMs successfully induces genome editing in soybean genome.SpCas9-NG could recognize NGD(contains NGG,NGA and NGT),RGC(contains AGC and GGC),GAA and GAT PAM sites.In addition,XNG-Cas9 was observed to cleave soybean genomic regions with NGG,GAA and AGY(contains AGC and AGT)PAM.Moreover,off-target analyses on soybean editing events induced by SpCas9 and xCas9 indicated that two high-fidelity Cas9 variants including eSpCas9(enhanced specificity SpCas9)and exCas9(enhanced specificity xCas9)could improve the specificity of the GGA PAM sequence without reducing on-target editing ficiency.These findings significantly expand the scope of Cas9-mediated genome editing in soybean.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51502166 and 51881220658)the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Department(17JK0130).
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51502166)the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Department(No.17JK0130).
文摘Green synthesis has grabbed appreciable attention to eliminate the negative effects associated with various chemical processes. Due to the unparalleled electrical, mechanical, thermal and excellent physical properties, graphene, as the thinnest two-dimensional material with high surface area, has the unfathomable potential in the domain of green chemistry in terms of both synthesis and application. In this regard, we present an overview of the research progresses on the greener synthesis of graphene, including micromechanical exfoliation, chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO), chemical vapor synthesis and popping of GO. Meanwhile, various applications of graphene pertinent to sustainable developments, such as energy storage, catalysis, electrochemistry, fuel cell, supercapacitor and biomedicine have also been highlighted.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(31430078,31561163002)the External Cooperation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(152111KYSB20130012)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2011FY120200,SQ2012FY4910058)
文摘Insect mitochondrial(mt) genomes are of great interest in researching on molecular evolution, phylogenetics and population genetics. Aphidoidea have about more than 5 000 known species including some agricultural, forestry and horticultural pests. However, only nine complete mt genomes have been previously released in this insect group since the first one, Schizaphis graminum(Hemiptera: Aphididae: Aphidinae) in 2004. Herein, we present the complete mitochondrial genome of Eriosoma lanigerum, the first species from the subfamily Eriosomatinae. This study takes this species as an example, combing the research during past 12 years, and concludes the general methods to obtain, analyze and annotate the complete mitochondrial genome of aphid species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31620103916,31772492)the Key Collaborative Research Program of the Alliance of International Science Organizations(Grant No.ANSO-CR-KP-2020-04)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2020087)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(Grant No.2019QZKK0501).
文摘As the second largest and most diverse group in the superfamily Aphidoidea,the phylogeny of drepanosiphine aphids sensu lato(s.l.)is critical for discussing the evolution of aphids.However,the taxa composition and phylogenetic relationships of drepanosiphine aphids s.l.have not been fully elucidated to date.In this study,based on total-evidence analyses combining 4 molecular genes(3 mitochondrial,COI,tRNA-Leu/COII,and CytB;1 nuclear,EF-1A)and 64 morphological and biological characteristics,the phylogeny of this group was reconstructed for the first time at the subfamily level using different datasets,parsimonies and model-based methods.All of our phylogenetic inferences clearly indicated that the drepanosiphine aphids s.l.was not a monophyletic group and seemed to support the division of the drepanosiphine aphids s.l.into different groups classified at the subfamily level.Calaphidinae was also not a monophyletic group,and Saltusaphidinae was nested within this subfamily.Drepanosiphinae was not clustered with Chaitophorinae,which was inconsistent with the previous hypothesis of a close relationship between them,illustrating that their phylogeny remains controversial.Overall,some groups of drepanosiphine aphids s.l.,including Phyllaphidinae,Macropodaphidinae,Pterastheniinae,Lizeriinae,Drepanosiphinae,Spicaphidinae,Saltusaphidinae,and Calaphidinae,clustered together and might constitute the actual drepanosiphine aphids s.l.To a certain extent,our results clarified the phylogenetic relationships among drepanosiphine aphids s.l.and confirmed their taxonomic status as subfamilies.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.31430078,No.31501852 and No.31561163002)the External Cooperation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.152111KYSB20130012)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(No.SQ2012FY4910058).
文摘Biological invasion is considered among the most important global environmental problems.Knowledge of the source and dispersal routes of invasion could facilitate the eradication and control of invasive species.Soybean aphid,Aphis glycines,is among the most destructive soybean pests.For effective management of this pest,we conducted genetic analyses and approximate Bayesian computation analysis to determine the origins and dispersal of the aphid species,as well as the source of its invasion in the USA,using 8 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene.We were able to identify a significant isolation by distance pattern and 3 genetic lineages in the microsatellite data but not in the mtDNA dataset.The genetic structure showed that the USA population had the closest relationship with those from Korea and Japan,indicating that the 2 latter populations might be the sources of the invasion to the USA.Both population genetic analyses and approximate Bayesian computation showed that the northeastern populations in China were the possible sources of the further spread of A.glycines to Indonesia.The dispersal history of this aphid can provide useful information for pest management strategies and can further help predict areas at risk of invasion.
基金supported by thegrants from Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20171ACB20001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31800224,31960138 and 31960433).
文摘The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been widely applied for plant genome editing.The commonly used SpCas9 has been shown to rely on the protospacer adjacent motif(PAM)sequences in the canonical form NGG and non-canonical NAG.Although these PAM sequences are extensively distributed across plant genomes,a broader scope of PAM sequence is required to expand the range of genome editing.Here we report the adoption of three variant enzymes,xCas9,SpCas9-NG and XNG-Cas9,to produce targeted mutation in soybean.Sequencing results determined that xCas9 with the NGG and KGA(contains TGA and GGA)PAMs successfully induces genome editing in soybean genome.SpCas9-NG could recognize NGD(contains NGG,NGA and NGT),RGC(contains AGC and GGC),GAA and GAT PAM sites.In addition,XNG-Cas9 was observed to cleave soybean genomic regions with NGG,GAA and AGY(contains AGC and AGT)PAM.Moreover,off-target analyses on soybean editing events induced by SpCas9 and xCas9 indicated that two high-fidelity Cas9 variants including eSpCas9(enhanced specificity SpCas9)and exCas9(enhanced specificity xCas9)could improve the specificity of the GGA PAM sequence without reducing on-target editing ficiency.These findings significantly expand the scope of Cas9-mediated genome editing in soybean.
