Enaminones,which possesses both the nucleophilic enamine as well as electrophilic enone structures,are well known versatile building blocks in organic synthesis.Meanwhile,visible light-mediated reactions have emerged ...Enaminones,which possesses both the nucleophilic enamine as well as electrophilic enone structures,are well known versatile building blocks in organic synthesis.Meanwhile,visible light-mediated reactions have emerged as useful synthetic strategy with enhanced sustainability.Around the last decade,various photochemical transformations of enaminones have been developed to construct cyclic or acyclic compounds.In this review,we describe the recent advances in visible light-mediated chemical transformations of enaminones.Detailed discussion on the reaction mechanism of the related reactions is given to provide guide to the reader.Finally,a summary on the existing challenges and the future outlook towards the development of practical photocatalytic reactions of enaminones is also presented.展开更多
In recent years, China has started to encourage pharmaceutical enterprises to carry out research and development of innovative drugs.From 2018 to 2021, with the capital rapidly influx into the pharmaceutical industry,...In recent years, China has started to encourage pharmaceutical enterprises to carry out research and development of innovative drugs.From 2018 to 2021, with the capital rapidly influx into the pharmaceutical industry, there were increasing numbers of financing events with growing amount year by year1. The rapid development of China's pharmaceutical industry in the past five years is also accompanied by bubbles.展开更多
The relationship between the Yanshanian Movement, destruction of the North China Craton(NCC), and subduction of the western Pacific plate is crucial to reconstructing the middle-late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the...The relationship between the Yanshanian Movement, destruction of the North China Craton(NCC), and subduction of the western Pacific plate is crucial to reconstructing the middle-late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern Asian continent and margin. The Yanshanian Movement was a globally important change in crustal tectonics during the Middle-Late Jurassic.Previous research has systematically studied the formation and evolution of the Yanshanian Movement, focusing on the timing and location of tectonic movements, and the sedimentary and volcanic strata. However, the question of whether the tectonic activity occurred globally, and the characteristics of the Yanshanian Movement remain debated. The main argument is that if a tectonic movement can only be characterized by a regional or local disconformity, and if the tectonic movement occurred in an intracontinental setting, with extensive deformation but with no disconformity despite volcanic eruptions and magmatic intrusions, accompanied by changes in crustal structure and composition, should it be defined as a tectonic event or process? This question requires further analysis. The main aim of this study is to distinguish whether the Yanshanian Movement is a local feature of the eastern Asian continent, or a global tectonic event related to subduction of the Pacific Plate. In this paper, based on previous research, we discuss the spatial and temporal evolution of the Yanshanian Movement, the controlling tectonic mechanisms, and its relationship to the reactivation and destruction of the NCC and the subduction of the western Paleo-Pacific slab.We emphasize that the Yanshanian Movement in the Middle-Late Jurassic is distinct from the lithospheric thinning responsible for Early Cretaceous extension and magmatism related to the destruction of the NCC. The various tectonic stages were constrained by different dynamics and tectonic settings, or by different tectonic events and processes. Therefore, it is possible that the deformation and reactivation of the NCC contributed to its destruction, in addition to lithospheric thinning. Finally, we discuss whether the Yanshanian Movement was associated with the destruction of the NCC.展开更多
Over the past two decades,China has introduced significant changes to drug regulations through regulatory innovations to accelerate drug review and approvals,keeping in line with the rapidly growing scientific innovat...Over the past two decades,China has introduced significant changes to drug regulations through regulatory innovations to accelerate drug review and approvals,keeping in line with the rapidly growing scientific innovation in drug research and development(R&D).In this study,we outlined the revolution of drug regulation in China since the establishment of the State Drug Administration in 1998.More particularly,we performed a comprehensive analysis of newly approved anticancer drugs in China from the year 2005 to May 2021,as a powerful illustration of how the revolution has changed the drug R&D landscape.Innovative drug development in China has boomed,benefiting in particular from pro-innovation policies as well as expedited program designations by the authority.We found a significant increase in the number of both imported and domestic new anticancer drugs from 2005 to 2021,with the emergence of drugs with novel mechanisms of action,including immune checkpoint inhibitors and cell therapy products.Drug lag has also been dramatically shortened by more than 70%for imported drugs in years 2016-2020 compared to years 2006-2010.Furthermore,we provide an insight into the potential approaches to further optimize the science-based and clinical value-based regulatory and R&D drug ecosystem in China.This review provides evidence of significant impacts of regulations and policies on drug R&D and suggests that the constantly adapting regulatory ecosystem will speed up drug development in China and worldwide.展开更多
Intensive policy reforms in China’s pharmaceutical industry have provided strong support for the shift from generic to innovative drug R&D, and the influx of huge amounts of capitals has provided ample momentum f...Intensive policy reforms in China’s pharmaceutical industry have provided strong support for the shift from generic to innovative drug R&D, and the influx of huge amounts of capitals has provided ample momentum for the development of the pharmaceutical industry. Since this year, the international situation has been severe and complicated, with the recurrence of the pandemic, and the development of China’s pharmaceutical industry has inevitably been affected.展开更多
In recent years,China's pharmaceutical industry has undergone tremendous changes.The reform of pharmaceutical policies has led to a shift in the direction of drug research and development from generic to innovativ...In recent years,China's pharmaceutical industry has undergone tremendous changes.The reform of pharmaceutical policies has led to a shift in the direction of drug research and development from generic to innovative,and the sustainable investment from the capital market into the pharmaceutical industry and the return of overseas pharmaceutical talents have together created a boom in drug research and development in China today.展开更多
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in China1.Generally,65%-70%of lung cancer patients are already at an advanced,inoperable stage at diagnosis.Therefore,there has been a surge in drug development to addr...Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in China1.Generally,65%-70%of lung cancer patients are already at an advanced,inoperable stage at diagnosis.Therefore,there has been a surge in drug development to address the unmet medical needs of lung cancer.In recent years,benefiting from the precise molecular classification of lung cancer,the number of clinical trials testing drugs in lung cancer has increased rapidly in China,enhancing R&D capacities and the impactful regulatory reform.It thus has led to significant improvements in drug accessibility.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21702088)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022MB130)for the financial support.
文摘Enaminones,which possesses both the nucleophilic enamine as well as electrophilic enone structures,are well known versatile building blocks in organic synthesis.Meanwhile,visible light-mediated reactions have emerged as useful synthetic strategy with enhanced sustainability.Around the last decade,various photochemical transformations of enaminones have been developed to construct cyclic or acyclic compounds.In this review,we describe the recent advances in visible light-mediated chemical transformations of enaminones.Detailed discussion on the reaction mechanism of the related reactions is given to provide guide to the reader.Finally,a summary on the existing challenges and the future outlook towards the development of practical photocatalytic reactions of enaminones is also presented.
文摘In recent years, China has started to encourage pharmaceutical enterprises to carry out research and development of innovative drugs.From 2018 to 2021, with the capital rapidly influx into the pharmaceutical industry, there were increasing numbers of financing events with growing amount year by year1. The rapid development of China's pharmaceutical industry in the past five years is also accompanied by bubbles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90914004)
文摘The relationship between the Yanshanian Movement, destruction of the North China Craton(NCC), and subduction of the western Pacific plate is crucial to reconstructing the middle-late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern Asian continent and margin. The Yanshanian Movement was a globally important change in crustal tectonics during the Middle-Late Jurassic.Previous research has systematically studied the formation and evolution of the Yanshanian Movement, focusing on the timing and location of tectonic movements, and the sedimentary and volcanic strata. However, the question of whether the tectonic activity occurred globally, and the characteristics of the Yanshanian Movement remain debated. The main argument is that if a tectonic movement can only be characterized by a regional or local disconformity, and if the tectonic movement occurred in an intracontinental setting, with extensive deformation but with no disconformity despite volcanic eruptions and magmatic intrusions, accompanied by changes in crustal structure and composition, should it be defined as a tectonic event or process? This question requires further analysis. The main aim of this study is to distinguish whether the Yanshanian Movement is a local feature of the eastern Asian continent, or a global tectonic event related to subduction of the Pacific Plate. In this paper, based on previous research, we discuss the spatial and temporal evolution of the Yanshanian Movement, the controlling tectonic mechanisms, and its relationship to the reactivation and destruction of the NCC and the subduction of the western Paleo-Pacific slab.We emphasize that the Yanshanian Movement in the Middle-Late Jurassic is distinct from the lithospheric thinning responsible for Early Cretaceous extension and magmatism related to the destruction of the NCC. The various tectonic stages were constrained by different dynamics and tectonic settings, or by different tectonic events and processes. Therefore, it is possible that the deformation and reactivation of the NCC contributed to its destruction, in addition to lithospheric thinning. Finally, we discuss whether the Yanshanian Movement was associated with the destruction of the NCC.
文摘Over the past two decades,China has introduced significant changes to drug regulations through regulatory innovations to accelerate drug review and approvals,keeping in line with the rapidly growing scientific innovation in drug research and development(R&D).In this study,we outlined the revolution of drug regulation in China since the establishment of the State Drug Administration in 1998.More particularly,we performed a comprehensive analysis of newly approved anticancer drugs in China from the year 2005 to May 2021,as a powerful illustration of how the revolution has changed the drug R&D landscape.Innovative drug development in China has boomed,benefiting in particular from pro-innovation policies as well as expedited program designations by the authority.We found a significant increase in the number of both imported and domestic new anticancer drugs from 2005 to 2021,with the emergence of drugs with novel mechanisms of action,including immune checkpoint inhibitors and cell therapy products.Drug lag has also been dramatically shortened by more than 70%for imported drugs in years 2016-2020 compared to years 2006-2010.Furthermore,we provide an insight into the potential approaches to further optimize the science-based and clinical value-based regulatory and R&D drug ecosystem in China.This review provides evidence of significant impacts of regulations and policies on drug R&D and suggests that the constantly adapting regulatory ecosystem will speed up drug development in China and worldwide.
文摘Intensive policy reforms in China’s pharmaceutical industry have provided strong support for the shift from generic to innovative drug R&D, and the influx of huge amounts of capitals has provided ample momentum for the development of the pharmaceutical industry. Since this year, the international situation has been severe and complicated, with the recurrence of the pandemic, and the development of China’s pharmaceutical industry has inevitably been affected.
文摘In recent years,China's pharmaceutical industry has undergone tremendous changes.The reform of pharmaceutical policies has led to a shift in the direction of drug research and development from generic to innovative,and the sustainable investment from the capital market into the pharmaceutical industry and the return of overseas pharmaceutical talents have together created a boom in drug research and development in China today.
文摘Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in China1.Generally,65%-70%of lung cancer patients are already at an advanced,inoperable stage at diagnosis.Therefore,there has been a surge in drug development to address the unmet medical needs of lung cancer.In recent years,benefiting from the precise molecular classification of lung cancer,the number of clinical trials testing drugs in lung cancer has increased rapidly in China,enhancing R&D capacities and the impactful regulatory reform.It thus has led to significant improvements in drug accessibility.
