南水北调工程向华北输水与地下水压采的实施,一定程度改变了海河平原供用水格局,影响了海河平原的地下水储量。准确监测地下水储量变化是水安全保障和地下水战略储备的基础。本研究以水资源公报数据为基准,比较了重力卫星(GRACE)不同的...南水北调工程向华北输水与地下水压采的实施,一定程度改变了海河平原供用水格局,影响了海河平原的地下水储量。准确监测地下水储量变化是水安全保障和地下水战略储备的基础。本研究以水资源公报数据为基准,比较了重力卫星(GRACE)不同的信号处理方法和相关产品,反演了2003—2020年海河流域总水储量及其平原区地下水储量变化,分析了海河流域2000—2019年供用水结构变化和水量平衡关系,量化了总水储量变化对流域蒸散发估算的影响。结果表明:GRACE JPL Mascons数据反演的海河平原地下水储量变化与水资源公报数据的决定系数最高;2003—2020年海河平原地下水储量总体分3阶段呈下降趋势,2003—2011年、2012—2015年和2016—2020年的下降速率分别约为-23.9±1.3亿m^(3)a、-75.5±5.3亿m^(3)a、-37.3±2.6亿m^(3)a;在不考虑海河流域年总水储量变化条件下估算的2003—2019年多年平均蒸散量(521 mm a),与考虑年总水储量变化的多年平均蒸散量(530 mm a)相差约10 mm a,但年蒸散量差异最高可达约80 mm a(2014年)。研究结果为认识近二十年海河平原地下水储量的变化提供了最新参考。展开更多
华北平原作为人口最多的平原地区,其地下水资源开采十分严重,常态对该地区地下水储量(ground water storage,GWS)变化的精确监测具有重要的生态意义。利用重力卫星数据反演了华北平原的GWS变化,并与水文模型、降水资料、南水北调调水量...华北平原作为人口最多的平原地区,其地下水资源开采十分严重,常态对该地区地下水储量(ground water storage,GWS)变化的精确监测具有重要的生态意义。利用重力卫星数据反演了华北平原的GWS变化,并与水文模型、降水资料、南水北调调水量和地下水井资料进行对比分析,提出融合浅层GWS变化和深层地下水变化方法,得到总地下水的贡献。研究结果表明,重力卫星与全球陆地数据同化系统模型估计的水储量变化均表现出明显的季节性特征;重力卫星反演的GWS变化与浅层地下水井资料估计结果一致性较好;考虑深层地下水的贡献,融合浅层和深层地下水井资料估计结果和重力卫星反演结果吻合更好,相较于仅使用浅层地下水估计结果吻合度更高,并表明浅层地下水为GWS变化的主要变化量;2003—2017年,华北平原地下水处于长期亏损趋势(−1.3±0.6 cm/a);2018—2020年,重力卫星反演结果与同时段内顾及深层地下水井资料的总GWS亏损速率几乎一致;2021年,重力卫星和地下水井资料与前期观测结果形成鲜明的U型反转,GWS均呈增长趋势;降雨和南水北调对华北平原的水储量变化具有直接影响,对缓解GWS亏损和地下水恢复方面做出重大贡献。所提出的方法为精确观测华北平原GWS变化提供新的途径,对重力卫星监测结果提供可靠验证。展开更多
Active magnetic bearings （AMBs） have found a wide range of applications in high-speed rotating machinery industry. The instability and nonlinearity of AMBs make controller designs difficult, and when AMBs are couple...Active magnetic bearings （AMBs） have found a wide range of applications in high-speed rotating machinery industry. The instability and nonlinearity of AMBs make controller designs difficult, and when AMBs are coupled with a flexible rotor, the resulting complex dynamics make the problems of stabilization and disturbance rejection, which are critical for a stable and smooth operation of the rotor AMB system, even more difficult. Proportional-integral-derivative （PID） control dominates the current AMB applications in the field. Even though PID controllers are easy to implement, there are critical performance limitations associated with them that prevent the more advanced applications of AMBs, which usually require stronger robustness and performance offered by modern control methods such as H-infinity control and if-synthesis. However, these advanced control designs rely heavily on the relatively accurate plant models and uncertainty characterizations, which are sometimes difficult to obtain. In this paper, we explore and report on the use of the characteristic model based all-coefficient adaptive control method to stabilize a flexible rotor AMB test rig. In spite of the simple structure of such a characteristic model based all-coefficient adaptive controller, both simulation and experimental results show its strong performance.展开更多
For the first time ever, this study aims at applying Sentinel-3 A to the Great Brahmaputra River(GBR) and validating water levels derived from this newly-launched altimetry satellite mission. The GBR is divided into t...For the first time ever, this study aims at applying Sentinel-3 A to the Great Brahmaputra River(GBR) and validating water levels derived from this newly-launched altimetry satellite mission. The GBR is divided into three primary parts:(1) a large section of the Yarlung Zangbo River in China, also termed the Upper Brahmaputra River(UBR) in this study, featured by high elevation,complex terrain, narrow river widths(from less than 100 to 400 m), and limited in situ measurements;(2) the Middle Brahmaputra River(MBR) with widths varying from ~400 m to ~1 km;(3) the Lower Brahmaputra River(LBR), dominated by braided channels with wide river channels(up to several kilometers). For the altimetry data, both waveform retracking and hooking effect correction were applied to mitigate the influence caused by land contamination and to improve the accuracy of water level retrievals. Water levels were derived from 41 virtual stations(VSs) across the GBR and different retracking algorithms were compared with in situ data from two gauging stations in the UBR. Time series of altimetry-based water levels were categorized into three types based on the quality: no data(type 1), degraded(type 2), and good(type 3). Results showed that the VSs(type 1) only existed in the mountainous regions, accounting for ~ a half of the total in the UBR. Validation with the gauged water levels showed that the TIC algorithm performed best among all of the retrackers applied, followed by the Ice-1 algorithm. The standard deviation of the difference between the gauged and TIC-derived water levels ranged from 0.41 to 0.76 m among four different VSs(type 3). In addition, the quality of VSs in the LBR was best, followed by the MBR. Our study has demonstrated the capability of Sentinel-3 A in monitoring water levels in the GBR, thereby paving the way for future applications such as discharge estimation and hydrologic/hydrodynamic applications.展开更多
文摘南水北调工程向华北输水与地下水压采的实施,一定程度改变了海河平原供用水格局,影响了海河平原的地下水储量。准确监测地下水储量变化是水安全保障和地下水战略储备的基础。本研究以水资源公报数据为基准,比较了重力卫星(GRACE)不同的信号处理方法和相关产品,反演了2003—2020年海河流域总水储量及其平原区地下水储量变化,分析了海河流域2000—2019年供用水结构变化和水量平衡关系,量化了总水储量变化对流域蒸散发估算的影响。结果表明:GRACE JPL Mascons数据反演的海河平原地下水储量变化与水资源公报数据的决定系数最高;2003—2020年海河平原地下水储量总体分3阶段呈下降趋势,2003—2011年、2012—2015年和2016—2020年的下降速率分别约为-23.9±1.3亿m^(3)a、-75.5±5.3亿m^(3)a、-37.3±2.6亿m^(3)a;在不考虑海河流域年总水储量变化条件下估算的2003—2019年多年平均蒸散量(521 mm a),与考虑年总水储量变化的多年平均蒸散量(530 mm a)相差约10 mm a,但年蒸散量差异最高可达约80 mm a(2014年)。研究结果为认识近二十年海河平原地下水储量的变化提供了最新参考。
文摘华北平原作为人口最多的平原地区,其地下水资源开采十分严重,常态对该地区地下水储量(ground water storage,GWS)变化的精确监测具有重要的生态意义。利用重力卫星数据反演了华北平原的GWS变化,并与水文模型、降水资料、南水北调调水量和地下水井资料进行对比分析,提出融合浅层GWS变化和深层地下水变化方法,得到总地下水的贡献。研究结果表明,重力卫星与全球陆地数据同化系统模型估计的水储量变化均表现出明显的季节性特征;重力卫星反演的GWS变化与浅层地下水井资料估计结果一致性较好;考虑深层地下水的贡献,融合浅层和深层地下水井资料估计结果和重力卫星反演结果吻合更好,相较于仅使用浅层地下水估计结果吻合度更高,并表明浅层地下水为GWS变化的主要变化量;2003—2017年,华北平原地下水处于长期亏损趋势(−1.3±0.6 cm/a);2018—2020年,重力卫星反演结果与同时段内顾及深层地下水井资料的总GWS亏损速率几乎一致;2021年,重力卫星和地下水井资料与前期观测结果形成鲜明的U型反转,GWS均呈增长趋势;降雨和南水北调对华北平原的水储量变化具有直接影响,对缓解GWS亏损和地下水恢复方面做出重大贡献。所提出的方法为精确观测华北平原GWS变化提供新的途径,对重力卫星监测结果提供可靠验证。
文摘Active magnetic bearings （AMBs） have found a wide range of applications in high-speed rotating machinery industry. The instability and nonlinearity of AMBs make controller designs difficult, and when AMBs are coupled with a flexible rotor, the resulting complex dynamics make the problems of stabilization and disturbance rejection, which are critical for a stable and smooth operation of the rotor AMB system, even more difficult. Proportional-integral-derivative （PID） control dominates the current AMB applications in the field. Even though PID controllers are easy to implement, there are critical performance limitations associated with them that prevent the more advanced applications of AMBs, which usually require stronger robustness and performance offered by modern control methods such as H-infinity control and if-synthesis. However, these advanced control designs rely heavily on the relatively accurate plant models and uncertainty characterizations, which are sometimes difficult to obtain. In this paper, we explore and report on the use of the characteristic model based all-coefficient adaptive control method to stabilize a flexible rotor AMB test rig. In spite of the simple structure of such a characteristic model based all-coefficient adaptive controller, both simulation and experimental results show its strong performance.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC0405801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51579128,91547210,and51722903)
文摘For the first time ever, this study aims at applying Sentinel-3 A to the Great Brahmaputra River(GBR) and validating water levels derived from this newly-launched altimetry satellite mission. The GBR is divided into three primary parts:(1) a large section of the Yarlung Zangbo River in China, also termed the Upper Brahmaputra River(UBR) in this study, featured by high elevation,complex terrain, narrow river widths(from less than 100 to 400 m), and limited in situ measurements;(2) the Middle Brahmaputra River(MBR) with widths varying from ~400 m to ~1 km;(3) the Lower Brahmaputra River(LBR), dominated by braided channels with wide river channels(up to several kilometers). For the altimetry data, both waveform retracking and hooking effect correction were applied to mitigate the influence caused by land contamination and to improve the accuracy of water level retrievals. Water levels were derived from 41 virtual stations(VSs) across the GBR and different retracking algorithms were compared with in situ data from two gauging stations in the UBR. Time series of altimetry-based water levels were categorized into three types based on the quality: no data(type 1), degraded(type 2), and good(type 3). Results showed that the VSs(type 1) only existed in the mountainous regions, accounting for ~ a half of the total in the UBR. Validation with the gauged water levels showed that the TIC algorithm performed best among all of the retrackers applied, followed by the Ice-1 algorithm. The standard deviation of the difference between the gauged and TIC-derived water levels ranged from 0.41 to 0.76 m among four different VSs(type 3). In addition, the quality of VSs in the LBR was best, followed by the MBR. Our study has demonstrated the capability of Sentinel-3 A in monitoring water levels in the GBR, thereby paving the way for future applications such as discharge estimation and hydrologic/hydrodynamic applications.
