桂林霾日变化的影响因子分析

利用1981~2015年桂林气象观测站地面气象资料、PM2.5资料,分析桂林霾日变化的影响因子。结果表明:桂林霾日数在过去35年呈明显上升趋势,气候倾向率为24.6d/10a,在1995年经历过一次明显突变,这种变化主要原因有人类活动和气象因子的变化。各因子中PM2.5浓度影响着霾日数的月、日分布,1月和7月是桂林PM2.5高值、低值月份,也是霾出现最多、最少月份。PM2.5浓度和霾出现频率日变化趋势相似,均为双峰型。各气象因子中,降水量≥0.1mm、最大风速≥5m/s日数的减少以及年均相对湿度下降是霾增加的重要原因,逆温也影响霾日、月分布,用逆温层厚度和高度能较好的反映出霾期间PM2.5浓度水平。

Research on Influence of Guilin Topography on Haze

This paper analyzed space-time distribution features of haze at different topographical representative stations using haze days observation data of 50 years in different meteorological observatories of Guilin to study the topography influence on haze. Different topographical representative stations were classified into four types of mountain,hill,river and city. Mountain stations were classified into two types,surrounded by mountains and faced with mountains on two sides. Under parallel comparison method,change features of wind direction,wind speed,temperature and haze days at different meteorological observatories were analyzed to investigate the topography influence on haze with pollution increase factors excluded. The study found that the city station had the biggest haze occurrence rate,followed by the mountain station surrounded by the mountains,and the river station had the smallest haze occurrence rate. Urban heat island wind can easily cause urban pollutants concentration around the city center,and the terrain blocking to the wind is not conducive to the spread of pollutants,but the water vapor over the river can reduce the haze.

节约型机关建设研究之文献检视——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

节约型机关建设是推进机关事务管理现代化和落实政府"过紧日子"要求的重要举措。本文以中国知网(CNKI)收录的关于节约型机关建设研究的644篇期刊文献为样本,以CiteSpace软件为分析工具,从年度发文量、研究力量、高被引文献、高频关键词等方面对节约型机关建设研究的现状进行文献计量及可视化分析。既有研究成果主要聚焦于节约型机关建设的绩效评估、实践困境、推进路径等研究主题,存在合作成果较少、学科融合不足、实证研究薄弱等问题。未来应加强研究力量之间的合作与交流,从学科协同的角度不断拓展节约型机关建设研究的范围,并继续深化节约型机关建设的实证分析,以弥补理论研究的不足。