Long-read genome assemblies reveal a cis-regulatory landscape associated with phenotypic divergence in two sister Siniperca fish species

Due to the difficulty in accurately identifying structural variants(SVs) across genomes,their impact on cisregulato ry diverge n ce of closely related species,especially fish,remains to be explored.Recently identified broad H3K4me3 domains are essential for the regulation of genes involved in several biological processes.However,the role of broad H3K4me3 domains in phenotypic divergence remains poorly understood.Siniperca chuatsi and S.scherzeri are closely related but divergent in several phenotypic traits,making them an ideal model to study cis-regulatory evolution in sister species.Here,we generated chromosome-level genomes of S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri,with assembled genome sizes of 716.35 and740.54 Mb,respectively.The evolutionary histories of S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri were studied by inferring dynamic changes in ancestral population sizes.To explore the genetic basis of adaptation in S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri,we performed gene family expansion and contraction analysis and identified positively selected genes(PSGs).To investigate the role of SVs in cis-regulatory divergence of closely related fish species,we identified high-quality SVs as well as divergent H3K27ac and H3K4me3 domains in the genomes of S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri.Integrated analysis revealed that cis-regulatory divergence caused by SVs played an essential role in phenotypic divergence between S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri.Additionally,divergent broad H3K4me3 domains were mostly associated with cancer-related genes in S.chuatsi and S.scherzeri and contributed to their phenotypic divergence.

融合项目制创新团队构建的新工科创新人才培养模式探索与实践

针对新工科背景下创新人才培养模式存在的不足,对融合项目制与创新团队构建的新工科创新人才培养模式进行了探索和思考,该模式以项目制为载体,以创新团队发展为依托,以学生学习能力与专业技能培训为基础,以学生创新能力培养为目标。通过对融合项目制创新团队构建的新工科创新人才培养模式实施效果分析,发现这种创新人才培养模式显著提升了学生的专业素养和创新能力,对提升创新人才培养质量起到了极大的促进作用。

Design Strategies for Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries with High Zinc Utilization: From Metal Anodes to Anode-Free Structures

Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage due to the excellent safety, environmental friendliness, natural abundance, high theoretical specific capacity, and low redox potential of zinc(Zn) metal. However,several issues such as dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and passivation of Zn metal anodes cause irreversible loss of the active materials. To solve these issues, researchers often use large amounts of excess Zn to ensure a continuous supply of active materials for Zn anodes. This leads to the ultralow utilization of Zn anodes and squanders the high energy density of AZMBs. Herein, the design strategies for AZMBs with high Zn utilization are discussed in depth, from utilizing thinner Zn foils to constructing anode-free structures with theoretical Zn utilization of 100%, which provides comprehensive guidelines for further research. Representative methods for calculating the depth of discharge of Zn anodes with different structures are first summarized. The reasonable modification strategies of Zn foil anodes, current collectors with pre-deposited Zn, and anode-free aqueous Zn metal batteries(AF-AZMBs) to improve Zn utilization are then detailed. In particular, the working mechanism of AF-AZMBs is systematically introduced. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for constructing high-utilization Zn anodes are presented.

The cytosolic isoform of triosephosphate isomerase,ZmTPI4,is required for kernel development and starch synthesis in maize(Zea mays L.)

Triosephosphate isomerase(TPI)is an enzyme that functions in plant energy production,accumulation,and conversion.To understand its function in maize,we characterized a maize TPI mutant,zmtpi4.In comparison to the wild type,zmtpi4 mutants showed altered ear development,reduced kernel weight and starch content,modified starch granule morphology,and altered amylose and amylopectin content.Protein,ATP,and pyruvate contents were reduced,indicating ZmTPI4 was involved in glycolysis.Although subcellular localization confirmed ZmTPI4 as a cytosolic rather than a plastid isoform of TPI,the zmtpi4 mutant showed reduced leaf size and chlorophyll content.Overexpression of ZmTPI4 in Arabidopsis led to enlarged leaves and increased seed weight,suggesting a positive regulatory role of ZmTPI4 in kernel weight and starch content.We conclude that ZmTPI4 functions in maize kernel development,starch synthesis,glycolysis,and photosynthesis.

增材制造金属结构件残余应力的研究进展

增材制造技术近年来取得了重大进展,金属增材制造可以三维成型精度高的复杂形状零件,在各行业的应用中具有独特优势。然而,增材制造金属零件成形时由于高温度梯度会引起复杂残余应力。简要分析了增材制造技术的特点,重点总结了激光选区熔化和电弧增材制造的工艺原理。在此基础上,详细综述了增材制造过程中残余应力的产生机制及测量方法,其中,温度梯度机制是解释残余应力产生机制最常用的方法。针对残余应力的测量,分别从无损检测和破坏性检测两方面进行归纳,最常用的破坏性检测残余应力的方法是轮廓法和钻孔法,而无损检测的方法是X射线衍射法。并且总结了残余应力的调控方法,包括工艺参数调控、预热缓冷及重熔调控、结构设计调控、辅助外场调控、后处理调控。最后简要总结增材制造金属结构件残余应力研究中亟待解决的问题,并展望了金属增材制造的发展方向。

True-temperature inversion algorithm for a multi-wavelength pyrometer based on fractional-order particle-swarm optimization

Herein,a method of true-temperature inversion for a multi-wavelength pyrometer based on fractional-order particle-swarm optimization is proposed for difficult inversion problems with unknown emissivity.Fractional-order calculus has the inherent advantage of easily jumping out of local extreme values;here,it is introduced into the particle-swarm algorithm to invert the true temperature.An improved adaptive-adjustment mechanism is applied to automatically adjust the current velocity order of the particles and update their velocity and position values,increasing the accuracy of the true temperature values.The results of simulations using the proposed algorithm were compared with three algorithms using typical emissivity models:the internal penalty function algorithm,the optimization function(fmincon)algorithm,and the conventional particle-swarm optimization algorithm.The results show that the proposed algorithm has good accuracy for true-temperature inversion.Actual experimental results from a rocket-motor plume were used to demonstrate that the true-temperature inversion results of this algorithm are in good agreement with the theoretical true-temperature values.

A Survey on Blockchain-Based Federated Learning:Categorization,Application and Analysis

Federated Learning(FL),as an emergent paradigm in privacy-preserving machine learning,has garnered significant interest from scholars and engineers across both academic and industrial spheres.Despite its innovative approach to model training across distributed networks,FL has its vulnerabilities;the centralized server-client architecture introduces risks of single-point failures.Moreover,the integrity of the global model—a cornerstone of FL—is susceptible to compromise through poisoning attacks by malicious actors.Such attacks and the potential for privacy leakage via inference starkly undermine FL’s foundational privacy and security goals.For these reasons,some participants unwilling use their private data to train a model,which is a bottleneck in the development and industrialization of federated learning.Blockchain technology,characterized by its decentralized ledger system,offers a compelling solution to these issues.It inherently prevents single-point failures and,through its incentive mechanisms,motivates participants to contribute computing power.Thus,blockchain-based FL(BCFL)emerges as a natural progression to address FL’s challenges.This study begins with concise introductions to federated learning and blockchain technologies,followed by a formal analysis of the specific problems that FL encounters.It discusses the challenges of combining the two technologies and presents an overview of the latest cryptographic solutions that prevent privacy leakage during communication and incentives in BCFL.In addition,this research examines the use of BCFL in various fields,such as the Internet of Things and the Internet of Vehicles.Finally,it assesses the effectiveness of these solutions.

Long-term stability analysis of the left bank abutment slope at Jinping I hydropower station

The time-dependent behavior of the left bank abutment slope at Jinping I hydropower station has a major influence on the normal operation and long-term safety of the hydropower station.To solve this problem,a geomechanical model containing various faults and weak structural planes is established,and numerical simulation is conducted under normal water load condition using FLAC^(3D),incorporating creep model proposed based on thermodynamics with internal state variables theory.The creep deformations of the left bank abutment slope are obtained,and the changes of principal stresses and deformations of the dam body are analyzed.The long-term stability of the left bank abutment slope is evaluated according to the integral curves of energy dissipation rate in domain and its derivative with respect to time,and the non-equilibrium evolution rules and the characteristic time can also be determined using these curves.Numerical results show that the left bank abutment slope tends to be stable in a global sense,and the stress concentration is released.It is also indicated that more attention should be paid to some weak regions within the slope in the long-term deformation process.

锂硫银锗矿固态电解质研究进展

全固态电池因其较高的安全性和能量密度而成为下一代电动汽车和智能电网用储能器件的重点研究方向之一。开发具有高室温锂离子电导率、化学/电化学稳定性优异、对电极材料兼容性优异等特点的固态电解质材料是推动全固态电池发展的重要研究课题之一。硫化物电解质因其相对较高的室温电导率(~10^(-3) S·cm^(-1))、较低的电解质/电极固-固界面阻抗等优点而在众多无机固体电解质材料中成为研究热点。本文基于作者多年研究成果和当前国内外发表的相关工作,从电解质的结构、离子传导、合成、综合性能改善及在全固态电池中的应用等方面系统总结了锂硫银锗矿固态电解质材料研究,并分析了该类电解质面临的问题和挑战,最后探讨了其未来可能的研究方向和发展趋势。

历史环境再生中类型学设计方法与数据支持的教学探索

对于城市研究与设计而言,作为底层逻辑的类型学方法与新兴的数据支持工具结合,将转变传统纯形态学的方法范式,推进更加理性的城市科学决策。本文归纳了历史环境保护的历程和目前国际上广泛认同的历史环境再生观念,结合天津大学建筑系3个城市设计课题的教学案例,探讨了在教学过程中采用延续型再生、活力型再生、记忆型再生3种策略激活历史环境的模式与意义。

Low-loss chip-scale programmable silicon photonic processor

Chip-scale programmable optical signal processors are often used to flexibly manipulate the optical signals for satisfying the demands in various applications,such as lidar,radar,and artificial intelligence.Silicon photonics has unique advantages of ultra-high integration density as well as CMOS compatibility,and thus makes it possible to develop large-scale programmable optical signal processors.The challenge is the high silicon waveguides propagation losses and the high calibration complexity for all tuning elements due to the random phase errors.In this paper,we propose and demonstrate a programmable silicon photonic processor for the first time by introducing low-loss multimode photonic waveguide spirals and low-random-phase-error Mach-Zehnder switches.The present chip-scale programmable silicon photonic processor comprises a 1×4 variable power splitter based on cascaded Mach-Zehnder couplers(MZCs),four Ge/Si photodetectors,four channels of thermally-tunable optical delaylines.Each channel consists of a continuously-tuning phase shifter based on a waveguide spiral with a micro-heater and a digitally-tuning delayline realized with cascaded waveguide-spiral delaylines and MZSs for 5.68 ps time-delay step.Particularly,these waveguide spirals used here are designed to be as wide as 2μm,enabling an ultralow propagation loss of 0.28 dB/cm.Meanwhile,these MZCs and MZSs are designed with 2-μm-wide arm waveguides,and thus the random phase errors in the MZC/MZS arms are negligible,in which case the calibration for these MZSs/MZCs becomes easy and furthermore the power consumption for compensating the phase errors can be reduced greatly.Finally,this programmable silicon photonic processor is demonstrated successfully to verify a number of distinctively different functionalities,including tunable time-delay,microwave photonic beamforming,arbitrary optical signal filtering,and arbitrary waveform generation.

基于超声红外热波技术的再制造零件裂纹检测研究现状

再制造是制造的延续,再制造零件由涂覆层和已经服役过的基体组成,异质材料体系的添加以及二次服役使得再制造零件的安全面临巨大的挑战,辨识及表征再制造零件缺陷是再制造零件服役安全评价的重要难题。超声红外热波检测技术利用超声激励产生能量转化和热传导原理,通过采集材料表面和近表面的红外热图对缺陷结构进行反演表征,是热学无损检测技术中非常重要的研究方向。然而,由于涂层的存在,将红外热波技术用于再制造零件裂纹的评价表征也面临着新的理论难题。基于此,本文系统分析了再制造零件的特点,总结了超声红外热波的检测机理,详细综述了低频超声振动能量与裂纹缺陷耦合生热机制研究现状,其中,摩擦生热机制得到了较多的理论支持和试验验证。同时,概述了内部热异常信号向表面瞬态传导的规律。通过对多种超声红外热波的辨识理论的应用,可实现表面异常热波的辨识及准确表征的协同提升。最后,对表面裂纹、界面裂纹及基体裂纹检测的研究现状进行概述,并总结了超声红外热波技术在再制造零件缺陷检测方面的应用和亟待解决的问题。

A Compact Ultra-Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for Vehicular Communications

In this paper,a new compact ultrawideband(UWB)circularly polarized(CP)antenna array for vehicular communications is proposed.The antenna array consists of a 2×2 sequentially rotated T-shaped cross dipole,four parasitic elements,and a feeding network.By loading the T-shaped cross dipoles with parasitic rectangular elements with cut corners,the bandwidth can be expanded.On this basis,the radiation pattern can be improved by the topology with sequential rotation of four T-shaped cross-dipole antennas,and the axial ratio(AR)bandwidth of the antenna also can be further enhanced.In addition,due to the special topology that the vertical arms of all Tshaped cross dipoles are all oriented toward the center of the antenna array,the gain of proposed antenna is improved while the size of the antenna is almost the same as the traditional cross dipole.Simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna has good CP characteristics,an impedance bandwidth for S11<-10 d B of about 106.1%(3.26:1,1.57-5.12 GHz)and the 3-d B AR bandwidth of about 104.1%(3.17:1,1.57-4.98 GHz),a wide 3-d B gain bandwidth of 73.3%as well as the peak gain of 8.6 d Bic at 3.5 GHz.The overall size of antenna is 0.56λ×0.56λ×0.12λ(λrefers to the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency in free space).The good performance of this compact UWB CP antenna array is promising for applications in vehicular communications.

基于OBE理念的混合式教学改革

基于成果导向教育(Outcome-Based Education,OBE)理念,针对材料焊接性课程存在问题,结合工程教育背景,分别从知识、技能、情感方面设置课程目标,利用学习通、微课等线上教学平台针对课前、课中、课后3个阶段进行教学设计,通过课程考核评价机制聚焦成果,强调知识的整合。

“焊接冶金学”课程教学改革初探

焊接冶金在智能制造中发挥着重要作用,因此对“焊接冶金学”教学方法进行深入探索具有实际意义。“焊接冶金学”课程知识点繁多,主要分为物理冶金和化学冶金两部分,为提高教学效果,对教学方法进行了如下探索改革:采用知识结构拓扑化,易于系统掌握;深入课程实践,锻炼创新思维;优化教学内容,理论联系实际;完善教学设计,融合多样学习方法;引入国际焊接工程师培训内容,促进国际交流;注重思政元素的融入,培养工匠精神。明确焊接冶金学的学科定位,深度挖掘“焊接冶金学”课程的实际价值,顺应新时代高等教育目标,为复合型、创新型人才的培养奠定坚实的基础。

钠离子电池工程化——机遇与挑战

当前,在应对全球能源枯竭与环境恶化之际,可持续且环境友好的可再生能源正迎来重要的发展机遇。以二次电池为代表的电化学储能技术(EES),可实现绿色新能源安全且经济有效的存储和转化,被视为平抑可再生能源间歇性并实现稳定并网输入的最佳解决方案。钠离子电池(SIB),受益于钠资源的丰富性及低成本,是下一代大规模电化学存储系统最具应用前景的选择之一。本文详细讨论了锂离子电池(LIB)和钠离子电池在不同应用场景下的主要区别,并描述了当前对钠离子电池的理解。通过比较锂离子电池、铅酸电池(LAB)和钠离子电池之间的技术发展情况,进一步揭示钠离子电池的优势。本文以基于钠离子电池技术所取得的商业化成就为文章亮点,重点介绍了五家钠离子电池企业和相应的钠离子电池产品,以及各自的钠离子电池化学与技术。最后,讨论了下一代钠离子电池商业化的前景与挑战。

Sustainable catalytic graphitization of biomass to graphitic porous carbon by constructing permeation network with organic ligands

Common strategies for catalytic graphitization of biochar into graphitic porous carbon(GPC)still face great challenges,such as the realization of simple procedures,energy conservation,and green processes.Controlling over the graphitization degree and pore structure of biochar is the key to its structural diversification.Herein,a clean and energy-efficient method is developed to synthesize adjustable graphitic degree and structure porosity GPC from rice husk-based carbon(RHC)at a relatively low temperature of 800–1000°C with environment-benign organometallic catalyst ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ferric sodium salt(EDTA-iron)and the recovery ratio of catalyst is as high as 97%.The formed by the organic ligands of EDTA-iron facilitates the etching of RHC surface and pore by iron,resulting in highly graphitized and developed porous GPCs.The pore structure and graphitization degree of GPCs can be adjusted by altering the catalyst loading,temperature,and holding time.The catalyst EDTA-iron with a lower concentration mainly plays the role of etching,which promotes the formation of porous carbon with larger surface area(SBET=1187.2 m^(2)·g^(-1)).The catalyst with higher concentration mainly plays the role of catalyzing graphitization and promotes the obtaining of graphitic carbon with high graphitization degree(ID/IG=0.19).The mechanism of EDTA-iron catalyzed graphitization of RHC is explored by the comprehensive analysis of BET,XRD,Raman,TEM and TGA.This research not only provides an efficient method for the preparation of high-quality biomass-based graphite carbon,but also provides a feasible method for the preparation of biomass-based porous carbon.

Synergy of I-Cl co-occupation on halogen-rich argyrodites and resultant dual-layer interface for advanced all-solid-state Li metal batteries

The(electro)chemical stability and Li dendrite suppression capability of sulfide solid electrolytes(SEs)need further improvement for developing all-solid-state Li batteries(ASSLBs).Here,we report advanced halogen-rich argyrodites via I and Cl co-occupation on the crystal lattice.Notably,a proper I content forms a single phase,whereas an excessive I causes precipitation of two argyrodite phases like a superlattice structure.The resultant synergistic effect of the optimized composition allows to gain high ionic conductivities at room temperature and-20℃,and enhances the(electro)chemical stability against Li and Li dendrite suppression capability.The Li|argyrodite interface is very sensitive to the ratio of I and Cl.A LiCl-and LiI-rich double-layer interface is observed from the cell using the SE with optimized composition,whereas too high I content forms only a single interface layer with a mixture of Lil and LiCl.This double-layer interface is found to effectively mitigate the Li/SE reaction.The proper designed argyrodite enables ASSLBs to achieve good electrochemical properties at a broad temperature range regardless of the electrode materials.This co-occupation strategy provides a novel exploration for advanced halogen-rich argyrodite system.

Opportunistic admission and resource allocation for slicing enhanced IoT networks

Network slicing is envisioned as one of the key techniques to meet the extremely diversified service requirements of the Internet of Things(IoT)as it provides an enhanced user experience and elastic resource configuration.In the context of slicing enhanced IoT networks,both the Service Provider(SP)and Infrastructure Provider(InP)face challenges of ensuring efficient slice construction and high profit in dynamic environments.These challenges arise from randomly generated and departed slice requests from end-users,uncertain resource availability,and multidimensional resource allocation.Admission and resource allocation for distinct demands of slice requests are the key issues in addressing these challenges and should be handled effectively in dynamic environments.To this end,we propose an Opportunistic Admission and Resource allocation(OAR)policy to deal with the issues of random slicing requests,uncertain resource availability,and heterogeneous multi-resources.The key idea of OAR is to allow the SP to decide whether to accept slice requests immediately or defer them according to the load and price of resources.To cope with the random slice requests and uncertain resource availability,we formulated this issue as a Markov Decision Process(MDP)to obtain the optimal admission policy,with the aim of maximizing the system reward.Furthermore,the buyer-seller game theory approach was adopted to realize the optimal resource allocation,while motivating each SP and InP to maximize their rewards.Our numerical results show that the proposed OAR policy can make reasonable decisions effectively and steadily,and outperforms the baseline schemes in terms of the system reward.

Laser patterning of large-scale perovskite single-crystal-based arrays for single-mode laser displays

Lead halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention as potential candidates for high-performance nano/microlasers,owing to their outstanding optical properties.However,the further development of perovskite microlaser arrays(especially based on polycrystalline thin films)produced by the conventional processing techniques is hindered by the chemical instability and surface roughness of the perovskite structures.Herein,we demonstrate a laser patterning of large-scale,highly crystalline perovskite single-crystal films to fabricate reproducible perovskite single-crystal-based microlaser arrays.Perovskite thin films were directly ablated by femtosecond-laser in multiple low-power cycles at a minimum machining line width of approximately 300 nm to realize high-precision,chemically clean,and repeatable fabrication of microdisk arrays.The surface impurities generated during the process can be washed away to avoid external optical loss due to the robustness of the single-crystal film.Moreover,the high-quality,large-sized perovskite single-crystal films can significantly improve the quality of microcavities,thereby realizing a perovskite microdisk laser with narrow linewidth(0.09 nm)and low threshold(5.1µJ/cm2).Benefiting from the novel laser patterning method and the large-sized perovskite single-crystal films,a high power and high color purity laser display with single-mode microlasers as pixels was successfully fabricated.Thus,this study may offer a potential platform for mass-scale and reproducible fabrication of microlaser arrays,and further facilitate the development of highly integrated applications based on perovskite materials.