A centromere map based on super pan-genome highlights the structure and function of rice centromeres

Rice(Oryza sativa)is a significant crop worldwide with a genome shaped by various evolutionary factors.Rice centromeres are crucial for chromosome segregation,and contain some unreported genes.Due to the diverse and complex centromere region,a comprehensive understanding of rice centromere structure and function at the population level is needed.We constructed a high-quality centromere map based on the rice super pangenome consisting of a 251-accession panel comprising both cultivated and wild species of Asian and African rice.We showed that rice centromeres have diverse satellite repeat CentO,which vary across chromosomes and subpopulations,reflecting their distinct evolutionary patterns.We also revealed that long terminal repeats(LTRs),especially young Gypsy-type LTRs,are abundant in the peripheral CentO-enriched regions and drive rice centromere expansion and evolution.Furthermore,high-quality genome assembly and complete telomere-to-telomere(T2T)reference genome enable us to obtain more centromeric genome information despite mapping and cloning of centromere genes being challenging.We investigated the association between structural variations and gene expression in the rice centromere.A centromere gene,OsMAB,which positively regulates rice tiller number,was further confirmed by expression quantitative trait loci,haplotype analysis and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein9 methods.By revealing the new insights into the evolutionary patterns and biological roles of rice centromeres,our finding will facilitate future research on centromere biology and crop improvement.

基因组倒位变异参与塑造了水稻遗传和表型的多样性

Genomic structural variations affected widely gene function and morphological traits in plants.Chromosomal inversions(INVs),as an important form of structural variation,can be large and extend to megabases in length[1],and form the genetic basis of local adaptation and ecotypic differentiation in sunflowers[2],Boechera stricta[3],monkeyflowers[4],mimetic butterflies[5]and ruffs[6],sex determination in nine-spined stickleback[7]and cancer and neurodevelopmental disease in human[8].At present,structural variants,and in particular,INVs,remain largely uncharacterized in plants despite their importance for local adaptation in a variety of species[1],with only a few studies exploring INVs polymorphisms at the population level.Hence,it remains unclear whether adaptive INVs can directly shape the genetic basis for diverse phenotypes in plants,especially in domesticated crops.

A complete assembly of the rice Nipponbare reference genome

Dear Editor,In 2005,the current commonly used rice reference genome(Oryza sativa ssp.japonica cv.Nipponbare)was initially released by the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project(International Rice Genome Sequencing Project,2005).Thereafter,the reference genome was further updated in 2013 with improved genome assembly(IRGSP-1.0)and gene annotations(MSU7,RAP-DB)(Kawahara et al.,2013;Sakai et al.,2013).In the past 10 years,this reference has been serving as one of the most important genetic resources for subsequent rice functional genomics efforts.As several rice genomes had been assembled into gapless chromosomes with only 2–5 telomeres absent(Li et al.,2021;Song et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2022),the IRGSP1.0 and its annotations still performed as the most widely used reference.However,limitations of sequencing technology and intricate genomic organization led to an under-representation of complex regions in this reference,leaving a total of 72 major gaps(including 19 telomeres),167 minor gaps,and 779 unknown bases(Kawahara et al.,2013),with an estimated length of3%of the genome unsolved.

全真空制备钙钛矿黄光发光二极管

CsPbBr_(2)I不仅拥有良好的热稳定性和载流子传输性能,还拥有与明视觉光效率曲线匹配契合的发光光谱,非常适用于制备黄光发光二极管.本文首先通过热蒸发共沉积的办法得到平整、致密、均匀的CsPbBr_(2)I黄光发光薄膜,随后通过调控蒸发速率、退火温度等手段增强其光致发光效率,最终首次实现了全真空制备的钙钛矿黄光发光二极管器件.本研究为实现基于热蒸发的高效发光二极管提供了有益的指导,并突出了其作为一种高效黄色光源的潜力.

Oxide perovskite Ba_(2)AgIO_(6)wafers for X-ray detection

X-ray detection is of great significance in biomedical,nondestructive,and scientific research.Lead halide perovskites have recently emerged as one of the most promising materials for direct X-ray detection.However,the lead toxicity remains a worrisome concern for further commercial application.Great efforts have been made to search for lead-free perovskites with similar optoelectronic properties.Here,we present a lead-free oxide double perovskite material Ba2AgIO6 for X-ray detection.The lead-free,all-inorganic nature,as well as the high density of Ba2AgIO6,promises excellent prospects in X-ray applications.By employing the hydrothermal method,we successfully synthesized highly crystalline Ba2AgIO6 powder with pure phase.Furthermore,we prepared Ba2AgIO6 wafers through isostatic pressure and built X-ray detectors with Au/Ba2AgIO6 wafer/Au photoconductive structure.The as-prepared X-ray detectors showed a sensitivity of 18.9μC/(Gyair$cm2)at 5 V/mm,similar to commercialα-Se detectors showcasing their advantages for X-ray detection.

Solution-Processed Hybrid Europium (Ⅱ) lodide Scintillator for Sensitive X-Ray Detection

Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals have recently demonstrated great potential as x-ray scintillators,yet they stll suffer toxicity issues,inferior light yield(LY)caused by severe self-absorption.Nontoxic bivalent europium ions(Eu^(2+))with intrinsically efficient and self-absorption-free d-f transition are a prospective replacement for the toxic Pb^(2+).Here,we demonstrated solution-processed organic-inorganic hybrid halide BA_(10)Eul_(12)(BA denotes C_(4)H_(9)NH_(4)^(+))single crystals for the first time.