Rice-based cropping systems are prevalent in Asia,accounting for 16%of global nitrogen(N)fertilizer consumption and providing billions of calories[1].Among these,the rice-wheat cropping system(RWCS)stands out as a cri...Rice-based cropping systems are prevalent in Asia,accounting for 16%of global nitrogen(N)fertilizer consumption and providing billions of calories[1].Among these,the rice-wheat cropping system(RWCS)stands out as a critical contributor to global food security,covering an extensive area of 23.5 million hectares(mha)in Asia and sustaining 4.4 billion people[2].展开更多
The impacts of nitrogen on environmental quality,greenhouse gas balances,ecosystem and biodiversity in China are of great concern given the magnitude of demand for food and energy.Comprehensive summaries of historic N...The impacts of nitrogen on environmental quality,greenhouse gas balances,ecosystem and biodiversity in China are of great concern given the magnitude of demand for food and energy.Comprehensive summaries of historic N flows and their critical threats and sustainable management are urgently needed.This paper initially reviews the historical trends of N flows in China and identifies the critical threats of N loss.Subsequently,it describes some recent success stories of N management,and finally indicates barriers to N pollution control.This review highlights three key points.Firstly,a steady increase of N input in China has led to a series of environmental problems via leaching and runoff,ammonia emissions and denitrification.Secondly,although great efforts to improve N management and N safety in China,further quantifications of N flows and analysis of their underlying mechanisms are needed to improve the understanding of the N cycle and pollution control.Finally,it proposes that the best available technologies combined with regulatory plans,laws,projects and policies should be implemented to overcome current barriers in N control and achieve a balance between the sustainable use of N resources and environmental conservation in China.展开更多
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y201956)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0200104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30390080)。
文摘Rice-based cropping systems are prevalent in Asia,accounting for 16%of global nitrogen(N)fertilizer consumption and providing billions of calories[1].Among these,the rice-wheat cropping system(RWCS)stands out as a critical contributor to global food security,covering an extensive area of 23.5 million hectares(mha)in Asia and sustaining 4.4 billion people[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42061124001,41961124004,and 42177313).
文摘The impacts of nitrogen on environmental quality,greenhouse gas balances,ecosystem and biodiversity in China are of great concern given the magnitude of demand for food and energy.Comprehensive summaries of historic N flows and their critical threats and sustainable management are urgently needed.This paper initially reviews the historical trends of N flows in China and identifies the critical threats of N loss.Subsequently,it describes some recent success stories of N management,and finally indicates barriers to N pollution control.This review highlights three key points.Firstly,a steady increase of N input in China has led to a series of environmental problems via leaching and runoff,ammonia emissions and denitrification.Secondly,although great efforts to improve N management and N safety in China,further quantifications of N flows and analysis of their underlying mechanisms are needed to improve the understanding of the N cycle and pollution control.Finally,it proposes that the best available technologies combined with regulatory plans,laws,projects and policies should be implemented to overcome current barriers in N control and achieve a balance between the sustainable use of N resources and environmental conservation in China.
