Robustness testing for safety-critical embedded software is still a challenge in its nascent stages. In this paper, we propose a practical methodology and implement an environment by employing model-based robustness t...Robustness testing for safety-critical embedded software is still a challenge in its nascent stages. In this paper, we propose a practical methodology and implement an environment by employing model-based robustness testing for embedded software systems. It is a system-level black-box testing approach in which the fault behaviors of embedded software is triggered with the aid of modelbased fault injection by the support of an executable model-driven hardware-in-loop （HIL） testing environment. The prototype implementation of the robustness testing environment based on the proposed approach is experimentally discussed and illustrated by industrial case studies based on several avionics-embedded software systems. The results show that our proposed and implemented robustness testing method and environment are effective to find more bugs, and reduce burdens of testing engineers to enhance efficiency of testing tasks, especially for testing complex embedded systems.展开更多
目的探讨亚临床甲状腺功能减退症(subclinical hypothyroidism,SCH)与急性缺血性卒中患者临床转归的相关性。方法回顾性纳入2014年7月至2017年10月南京医科大学附属江苏盛泽医院收治的急性缺血性卒中患者。收集患者人口统计学以及基线...目的探讨亚临床甲状腺功能减退症(subclinical hypothyroidism,SCH)与急性缺血性卒中患者临床转归的相关性。方法回顾性纳入2014年7月至2017年10月南京医科大学附属江苏盛泽医院收治的急性缺血性卒中患者。收集患者人口统计学以及基线临床和实验室检查资料。在发病后3个月时采用改良Rankin量表评价临床转归,≤2分定义为转归良好。应用多变量logistic回归分析确定SCH与急性缺血性卒中患者临床转归的独立相关性。结果共纳入200例急性缺血性卒中患者。其中,男性107例(53.5%),女性93例(46.5%);年龄(69.67±11.38)岁。45例患者(22.5%)存在SCH;160例(80.0%)转归良好,40例(20.0%)转归不良。单变量分析显示,转归不良组基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分以及卒中病因学分型和SCH患者构成比与转归良好组差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多变量logistic回归分析显示,高NIHSS评分(优势比2.884,95%置信区间2.005~4.147;P=0.001)和SCH(优势比19.527,95%置信区间2.334~163.386;P=0.006)是转归不良的独立危险因素。结论高NIHSS评分和SCH与急性缺血性卒中患者发病后3个月时转归不良相关。展开更多
基金the Aeronautics Science Foundation of China(No.2011ZD51055)Science and Technology on Reliability&Environmental Engineering Laboratory(No.302367)the National Pre-Research Foundation of China(No.51319080201)
文摘Robustness testing for safety-critical embedded software is still a challenge in its nascent stages. In this paper, we propose a practical methodology and implement an environment by employing model-based robustness testing for embedded software systems. It is a system-level black-box testing approach in which the fault behaviors of embedded software is triggered with the aid of modelbased fault injection by the support of an executable model-driven hardware-in-loop （HIL） testing environment. The prototype implementation of the robustness testing environment based on the proposed approach is experimentally discussed and illustrated by industrial case studies based on several avionics-embedded software systems. The results show that our proposed and implemented robustness testing method and environment are effective to find more bugs, and reduce burdens of testing engineers to enhance efficiency of testing tasks, especially for testing complex embedded systems.
文摘目的探讨亚临床甲状腺功能减退症(subclinical hypothyroidism,SCH)与急性缺血性卒中患者临床转归的相关性。方法回顾性纳入2014年7月至2017年10月南京医科大学附属江苏盛泽医院收治的急性缺血性卒中患者。收集患者人口统计学以及基线临床和实验室检查资料。在发病后3个月时采用改良Rankin量表评价临床转归,≤2分定义为转归良好。应用多变量logistic回归分析确定SCH与急性缺血性卒中患者临床转归的独立相关性。结果共纳入200例急性缺血性卒中患者。其中,男性107例(53.5%),女性93例(46.5%);年龄(69.67±11.38)岁。45例患者(22.5%)存在SCH;160例(80.0%)转归良好,40例(20.0%)转归不良。单变量分析显示,转归不良组基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分以及卒中病因学分型和SCH患者构成比与转归良好组差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多变量logistic回归分析显示,高NIHSS评分(优势比2.884,95%置信区间2.005~4.147;P=0.001)和SCH(优势比19.527,95%置信区间2.334~163.386;P=0.006)是转归不良的独立危险因素。结论高NIHSS评分和SCH与急性缺血性卒中患者发病后3个月时转归不良相关。
