Vascular networks inside organs provide the means for metabolic exchange and adequate nutrition.Similarly,vascular or nutrient networks are needed when building tissue constructs>500μm in vitro due to the hydrogel...Vascular networks inside organs provide the means for metabolic exchange and adequate nutrition.Similarly,vascular or nutrient networks are needed when building tissue constructs>500μm in vitro due to the hydrogel compact pore size of bioinks.As the hydrogel used in bioinks is rather soft,it is a great challenge to reconstruct effective vascular networks.Recently,coaxial 3 D bioprinting was developed to print tissue constructs directly using hollow hydrogel fibers,which can be treated as built-in microchannels for nutrient delivery.Furthermore,vascular networks could be printed directly through coaxial 3 D bioprinting.This review summarizes recent advances in coaxial bioprinting for the fabrication of complex vascularized tissue constructs including methods,the effectiveness of varying strategies,and the use of sacrificial bioink.The limitations and challenges of coaxial 3 D bioprinting are also summarized.展开更多
Mitochondria are subcellular organelles that provide energy for the cell.They form a dynamic tubular network and play an important role in maintaining the cell function and integrity.Heart is a powerful organ that sup...Mitochondria are subcellular organelles that provide energy for the cell.They form a dynamic tubular network and play an important role in maintaining the cell function and integrity.Heart is a powerful organ that supplies the motivation for circulation,thereby requiring large amounts of energy.Thus,the healthiness of cardiomyocytes and mitochondria is necessary for the normal cardiac function.Mitochondria not only lie in the center of the cell apoptotic pathway,but also are the major source of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation.Mitochondrial morphological change includes fission and fusion that are regulated by a large number of proteins.In this review we discuss the regulators of mitochondrial fission/fusion and their association with cell apoptosis,autophagy and ROS production in the heart.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0703000)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51521064)。
文摘Vascular networks inside organs provide the means for metabolic exchange and adequate nutrition.Similarly,vascular or nutrient networks are needed when building tissue constructs>500μm in vitro due to the hydrogel compact pore size of bioinks.As the hydrogel used in bioinks is rather soft,it is a great challenge to reconstruct effective vascular networks.Recently,coaxial 3 D bioprinting was developed to print tissue constructs directly using hollow hydrogel fibers,which can be treated as built-in microchannels for nutrient delivery.Furthermore,vascular networks could be printed directly through coaxial 3 D bioprinting.This review summarizes recent advances in coaxial bioprinting for the fabrication of complex vascularized tissue constructs including methods,the effectiveness of varying strategies,and the use of sacrificial bioink.The limitations and challenges of coaxial 3 D bioprinting are also summarized.
文摘Mitochondria are subcellular organelles that provide energy for the cell.They form a dynamic tubular network and play an important role in maintaining the cell function and integrity.Heart is a powerful organ that supplies the motivation for circulation,thereby requiring large amounts of energy.Thus,the healthiness of cardiomyocytes and mitochondria is necessary for the normal cardiac function.Mitochondria not only lie in the center of the cell apoptotic pathway,but also are the major source of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation.Mitochondrial morphological change includes fission and fusion that are regulated by a large number of proteins.In this review we discuss the regulators of mitochondrial fission/fusion and their association with cell apoptosis,autophagy and ROS production in the heart.
