The classification of subclass Xylariomycetidae is revisited with additional collections and phylogeny based on novel rDNA sequence data.Phylogenetic inferences are provided and are based on analysis of 115 sequence d...The classification of subclass Xylariomycetidae is revisited with additional collections and phylogeny based on novel rDNA sequence data.Phylogenetic inferences are provided and are based on analysis of 115 sequence data,including new data for 27 strains.An updated outline to the subclass is presented based on the phylogenies and comprises two orders,18 families and 222 genera.An account of each order,family and genus in the subclass is given.We accept the orders Amphisphaeriales and Xylariales based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence.Amphisphaeriales comprises Amphisphaeriaceae,Bartaliniaceae fam.nov.,Clypeosphaeriaceae,Discosiaceae fam.nov.,Pestalotiopsidaceae fam.nov.and Phlogicylindriaceae fam.nov.Xylariales comprises Apiosporaceae,Cainiaceae,Coniocessiaceae,Diatrypaceae,Graphostromataceae(doubtful),Hyponectriaceae,Iodosphaeriaceae,Lopadostomaceae fam.nov.,Melogrammataceae,Pseudomassariaceae fam.nov.,Vialaeaceae and Xylariaceae.The new genera and species introduced are Arthrinium hyphopodii,A.subglobosa,Cainia anthoxanthis,Ciferriascosea gen.nov.,C.fluctamurum,C.rectamurum,Discosia neofraxinea,D.pseudopleurochaeta,Hyalotiella rubi,Seimatosporium cornii,S.ficeae,S.vitis and Truncatella spartii.展开更多
Fungal stromata were recently discovered in association with charcoal and burnt soil aggregates during an archaeological survey in the Chaˆtillon-sur-Seine forest massif.The wood and soil in the samples were dated to ...Fungal stromata were recently discovered in association with charcoal and burnt soil aggregates during an archaeological survey in the Chaˆtillon-sur-Seine forest massif.The wood and soil in the samples were dated to the medieval period(between 738 and 1411 AD).Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that a few of the stromatal fragments still contained ascospores.Their macromorphological characters were described and secondary metabolite profiles were generated using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection(HPLC–DAD/MS).The combination of these two data lines then allowed species identification.Most of the fragments were assigned to Hypoxylon fragiforme,the type species of the Hypoxylaceae(Xylariales).Two further species whose stromata grew on the fossil charcoal could be tentatively identified as Jackrogersella cohaerens and(more tentatively)as Hypoxylon vogesiacum.These three species are still commonly encountered in the forests of Central Europe today.Furthermore,the HPLC-HRMS data of H.fragiforme suggested the presence of unknown azaphilone dimers and of further new pigments.These archaeological compounds were compared to fresh stromata of H.fragiforme collected in Germany and subjected to the same analytical protocol.While the major components in both samples were identified as the known mitorubrin type azaphilones and orsellinic acid,the chemical structures of seven novel complex azaphilone pigments,for which we propose the trivial names rutilins C-D and fragirubrins A-E,were elucidated using spectral methods(NMR and CD spectroscopy,high resolution mass spectrometry).It appears that these pigments had indeed persisted for millennia in the fossil stromata.展开更多
基金S.Maharachchikumbura thanks the Featured microbial resources and diversity investigation in Southwest Karst area(2014FY120100)for funding.The authors extend their sincere appreciations to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for its funding this Prolific Research Group(PRG-1436-09).Kevin D.Hyde thanks the Chinese Academy of Sciences,project number 2013T2S0030,for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany.Y.P.Xiao and T.C.Wen are grateful to The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31460012&No.31200016).Shi-Ke Huang and J.C.Kang are grateful to the Agricultural Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province Nos.NY[2013]3042),the International Collaboration Plan of Guizhou Province(No.G[2012]7006)and the Innovation Team Construction for Science And Technology of Guizhou Province(No.[2012]4007)from the Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province,China.
文摘The classification of subclass Xylariomycetidae is revisited with additional collections and phylogeny based on novel rDNA sequence data.Phylogenetic inferences are provided and are based on analysis of 115 sequence data,including new data for 27 strains.An updated outline to the subclass is presented based on the phylogenies and comprises two orders,18 families and 222 genera.An account of each order,family and genus in the subclass is given.We accept the orders Amphisphaeriales and Xylariales based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence.Amphisphaeriales comprises Amphisphaeriaceae,Bartaliniaceae fam.nov.,Clypeosphaeriaceae,Discosiaceae fam.nov.,Pestalotiopsidaceae fam.nov.and Phlogicylindriaceae fam.nov.Xylariales comprises Apiosporaceae,Cainiaceae,Coniocessiaceae,Diatrypaceae,Graphostromataceae(doubtful),Hyponectriaceae,Iodosphaeriaceae,Lopadostomaceae fam.nov.,Melogrammataceae,Pseudomassariaceae fam.nov.,Vialaeaceae and Xylariaceae.The new genera and species introduced are Arthrinium hyphopodii,A.subglobosa,Cainia anthoxanthis,Ciferriascosea gen.nov.,C.fluctamurum,C.rectamurum,Discosia neofraxinea,D.pseudopleurochaeta,Hyalotiella rubi,Seimatosporium cornii,S.ficeae,S.vitis and Truncatella spartii.
文摘Fungal stromata were recently discovered in association with charcoal and burnt soil aggregates during an archaeological survey in the Chaˆtillon-sur-Seine forest massif.The wood and soil in the samples were dated to the medieval period(between 738 and 1411 AD).Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that a few of the stromatal fragments still contained ascospores.Their macromorphological characters were described and secondary metabolite profiles were generated using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection(HPLC–DAD/MS).The combination of these two data lines then allowed species identification.Most of the fragments were assigned to Hypoxylon fragiforme,the type species of the Hypoxylaceae(Xylariales).Two further species whose stromata grew on the fossil charcoal could be tentatively identified as Jackrogersella cohaerens and(more tentatively)as Hypoxylon vogesiacum.These three species are still commonly encountered in the forests of Central Europe today.Furthermore,the HPLC-HRMS data of H.fragiforme suggested the presence of unknown azaphilone dimers and of further new pigments.These archaeological compounds were compared to fresh stromata of H.fragiforme collected in Germany and subjected to the same analytical protocol.While the major components in both samples were identified as the known mitorubrin type azaphilones and orsellinic acid,the chemical structures of seven novel complex azaphilone pigments,for which we propose the trivial names rutilins C-D and fragirubrins A-E,were elucidated using spectral methods(NMR and CD spectroscopy,high resolution mass spectrometry).It appears that these pigments had indeed persisted for millennia in the fossil stromata.
