Root-knot nematodes(RKNs)are obligate endoparasites that feed on their host plants to complete its life cycle,representing a major threat to agriculture and economy worldwide.The development of new management strategi...Root-knot nematodes(RKNs)are obligate endoparasites that feed on their host plants to complete its life cycle,representing a major threat to agriculture and economy worldwide.The development of new management strategies becomes essential as effective chemical nematicides are progressively being restricted.Hence,we analysed grape pomace-derived biochars,pyrolysed at 350℃(BC350)and 700℃(BC700),focusing on their potential for RKN control.The thermal treatment of grape pomace caused an increase in the concentration of carbon and plant macro-and micronutrients,which were largely present in a water-soluble form.Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy data showed a general loss of carboxylic functional groups during pyrolysis,partially contributing to the alkalinisation of both biochars,mostly in BC700.Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed a highly porous structure filled with different crystals composed of elements such as K,Ca,Mg,P,Si or Al,which could be a suitable environment for the growth of microorganisms.Biochar-derived aqueous extracts showed phytotoxicity to tomato seedlings at high concentrations,and disappeared upon dilution,but no toxic effect was observed on the nematode’s infective stage.However,the infective and reproductive traits of a Meloidogyne javanica population in tomato were significantly reduced(i.e.egg masses and eggs per plant)in washed-biochar-treated soil in pots(0.75%;BC350W).Therefore,the large amount of grape waste generated after wine production can be transformed into a valuable product such as biochar,effective for RKNs control,thus reducing the waste management problem and contributing to a circular economy.展开更多
Dear Editor, Arsenic (As) is a harmful metalloid that occurs in soil and water;its concentration varies considerably among geographic regions, with groundwater being the principal source of human contamination (Smedle...Dear Editor, Arsenic (As) is a harmful metalloid that occurs in soil and water;its concentration varies considerably among geographic regions, with groundwater being the principal source of human contamination (Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002). Besides the direct contamination effect of drinking water that contains high As concentration, human poisoning may also occur after ingestion of contaminated food.展开更多
基金Spanish Government(PID2019-105924RB-I00 MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033,RED2018-102407-T)to CE,and(AGL2014-53771-R,AGL2017-87591-R)to LEHCastilla-La Mancha Government(SBPLY/17/180501/000287 and SBPLY/21/180501/000033)to CE.+1 种基金AM-G was recipient of a PhD grant from Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el BuenoEU FEDER funds complemented all the grants.
文摘Root-knot nematodes(RKNs)are obligate endoparasites that feed on their host plants to complete its life cycle,representing a major threat to agriculture and economy worldwide.The development of new management strategies becomes essential as effective chemical nematicides are progressively being restricted.Hence,we analysed grape pomace-derived biochars,pyrolysed at 350℃(BC350)and 700℃(BC700),focusing on their potential for RKN control.The thermal treatment of grape pomace caused an increase in the concentration of carbon and plant macro-and micronutrients,which were largely present in a water-soluble form.Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy data showed a general loss of carboxylic functional groups during pyrolysis,partially contributing to the alkalinisation of both biochars,mostly in BC700.Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed a highly porous structure filled with different crystals composed of elements such as K,Ca,Mg,P,Si or Al,which could be a suitable environment for the growth of microorganisms.Biochar-derived aqueous extracts showed phytotoxicity to tomato seedlings at high concentrations,and disappeared upon dilution,but no toxic effect was observed on the nematode’s infective stage.However,the infective and reproductive traits of a Meloidogyne javanica population in tomato were significantly reduced(i.e.egg masses and eggs per plant)in washed-biochar-treated soil in pots(0.75%;BC350W).Therefore,the large amount of grape waste generated after wine production can be transformed into a valuable product such as biochar,effective for RKNs control,thus reducing the waste management problem and contributing to a circular economy.
基金supported by Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto(SECYT-UNRC)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET),Argentinafunded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness(Awarded to the author L.E.Hernández’s projects AGL2010-15151 and AGL2014-53771-R)
文摘Dear Editor, Arsenic (As) is a harmful metalloid that occurs in soil and water;its concentration varies considerably among geographic regions, with groundwater being the principal source of human contamination (Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002). Besides the direct contamination effect of drinking water that contains high As concentration, human poisoning may also occur after ingestion of contaminated food.
