Hormones in Poultry Production: Scientific Facts

The following article has been retracted due to the investigation of complaints received against it. The Editorial Board found that substantial portions of the text came from other published papers. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter, and the Open Journal of Animal Sciences treats all unethical behavior seriously. This paper published in Vol.4 No.5, 228-236, 2014 has been removed from this site. Title: Hormones in Poultry Production: Scientific Facts Authors: Wagner Azis Garcia de Araújo, Tarcisio Sim&otildees Pereira Agostinho, Nielton Cezar Ton, Luiz Fernando Teixeira

Age and Calcium Sources in Laying Hen Feed Affect Calcium Digestibility

The apparent calcium (Ca) digestibility coefficient (ADC) and true digestibility coefficient (TDC) of different inorganic calcium sources were determined in laying hens of different ages. Three Ca digestibility tests were carried out, each assessing 240 Lohmann Brown lineage laying hens distributed in a completely randomized design. Nine dietary treatments were arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial design consisting of three ages (40, 50 and 70 weeks) × three Ca (dicalcium phosphate (DCP) sources, fine (FL) and coarse (CL)) limestone, comprising eight replicates per treatment of six birds per experimental unit. Regarding the DCP, the ADC was higher (P < 0.05) in 40-week-old birds. The DCP ADC for 40-, 50- and 70-week-old birds was 0.889, 0.613 and 0.712, respectively. No effect (P > 0.05) of age on the ADC was noted for either FL or CL. Comparing Ca sources, DCP exhibited a higher (P < 0.05) ADC (0.889), followed by FL (0.699) and CL (0.515), in 40-week-old birds. DCP (0.712) and FL (0.652) presented (P < 0.05) higher ADC compared to CL (0.482), in 70-week-old birds. No effect of Ca sources at 50 weeks on the ADC was observed (P > 0.05). Endogenous loss values of 790, 860 and 930 mg·kg-1 of consumed dry matter were observed at 40, 50 and 70 weeks, respectively. For the TDC, no interaction (P > 0.05) was observed between Ca sources and bird age. The highest TDC value (P > 0.05) was found in birds fed DCP (0.786) followed by FL (0.637) and CL (0.534). In addition, birds at 40 weeks of age (0.714) exhibited higher TDC values (P < 0.05) compared to animals at 50 weeks of age (0.608). The findings reported herein demonstrate that the true digestibility is greater in the youngest birds and that consumed the DCP and the FL in relation to the birds that consumed the CL.