Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium for ternary system of ethanol, ethyl propionate and para-xylene at 101.3 kPa

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium(VLE) data for the binary system ethyl propionate(2) + para-xylene(3) and ternary system ethanol(1) + ethyl propionate(2) + para-xylene(2) at atmospheric pressure(101.3 k Pa)were obtained by a VLE modified othmer still. All the experimental data passed a point to point consistency test of Van Ness method, which verified the data reliability. The Wilson and UNIQUAC activity coefficient models were employed to correlate the binary VLE data to obtain binary interaction parameters. Based on binary interaction parameters, ternary VLE data of ethanol(1) + ethyl propionate(2) + para-xylene(3) were predicted by Wilson and UNIQUAC models, which proved that predicted values are consistent with the experimental data.Furthermore, azeotropic phenomenon between ethanol and ethyl propionate disappears when the mole ratio of para-xylene and binary system of ethanol and ethyl propionate is 1:1. Therefore, this paper convinced that para-xylene is a proper extractive additive that could be used in extractive distillation to separate the binary azeotropic system of ethanol and ethyl propionate.

RNA-sequencing analysis reveals novel genes involved in the different peel color formation in eggplant

Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)is a highly nutritious vegetable.Here,the molecular mechanism of color formation in eggplants was determined using six eggplant cultivars with different peel colors and two SmMYB113-overexpressing transgenic eggplants with a purple peel and pulp.Significant differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified by RNA-sequencing analysis using the following criteria:log2(sample1/sample2)≥0.75 and q-value≤0.05.Two analytical strategies were used to identify genes related to the different peel color according to the peel color,flavonoids content,delphinidins/flavonoids ratio,and the content of anthocyanins.Finally,27 novel genes were identified to be related to the color difference among eggplant peels and 32 novel genes were identified to be related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulated by SmMYB113.Venn analysis revealed that SmCytb5,SmGST,SmMATE,SmASAT3,and SmF3′5’M were shared among both sets of novel genes.Transient expression assay in tobacco suggested that these five genes were not sufficient for inducing anthocyanin biosynthesis alone,but they play important roles in anthocyanin accumulation in eggplant peels.Yeast one-hybrid,electrophoretic mobility shift assay and dual-luciferase assays indicated that the expression of the five genes could be directly activated by SmMYB113 protein.Finally,a regulatory model for the mechanism of color formation in eggplant was proposed.Overall,the results of this study provide useful information that enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the different color formation in eggplant.

Research on Korf Ball Athletes Selecting Model under the Background of High Level Athletes Data Guidance

In this paper, we conduct research on the Korf ball athlete basic selecting model under the background of high level athlete data guidance. Athletes selecting closely related to the ultimate goal of training for many years. So, naturally, great athletes become references, the structure model of the excellent athlete competitive ability become athletes selecting targeting. Based on abundant literature, discusses the selection of the targeting of athletes, in an effort to at the same time, the rich athletes selecting theory provides a new perspective for the material practice. Our paper integrates the basic information of the high level athlete data to construct the novel paradigm for further promotion.

Continuous cropping of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) reduces bacterial diversity and simplifies cooccurrence networks in aeolian sandy soil

Alfalfa is a perennial herbaceous forage legume that is remarkably and negatively affected by monocropping.However,the contribution of the changes in bacterial communities to soil sickness in alfalfa have not been elucidated.Therefore,we investigated bacterial community structures in response to monocropped alfalfa along the chronosequence.Continuous cropping remarkably reduced bacterial alpha diversity and altered community structures,and soil pH,total P and available P were strongly associated with the changes of bacterial diversity and community structures.Intriguingly,10 years of monocropped alfalfa might be a demarcation point separating soil bacterial community structures into two obvious groups that containing soil samples collected in less and more than 10 years.The relative abundances of copiotrophic bacteria of Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria significantly increased with the extension of continuous cropping years,while the oligotrophic bacteria of Armatimonadetes,Chloroflexi,Firmicutes and Gemmatimonadetes showed the opposite changing patterns.Among those altered phyla,Actinobacteria,Chloroflexi,Alphaproteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the most important bacteria which contributed 50.86%of the community variations. Additionally, the relative abundances of nitrogen fixation bacteria ofBradyrhizobium and Mesorhizobium obviously increased with continuous cropping years, while theabundances of Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Burkholderiaceae and Microbacterium with potential functionsof solubilizing phosphorus and potassium remarkably decreased after long-term continuouscropping. Furthermore, bacterial cooccurrence patterns were significantly influenced by continuouscropping years, with long-term monocropped alfalfa simplifying the complexity of the cooccurrencenetworks. These findings enhanced our understandings and provided references for forecasting howsoil bacterial communities responds to monocropped alfalfa.

靶向炎性细胞因子的生物制剂及其临床应用

细胞因子可介导许多生物学过程并受到机体的严格调节,其调节的失控可引发一系列疾病如自身免疫炎症和肿瘤。在过去的十几年中,一些能够有效调节细胞因子生物学作用的生物制剂如重组抗炎细胞因子、细胞因子受体以及中和性抗体等被广泛应用到由细胞因子失调引起的相关疾病的治疗。尤其是近年来,一些具有创新性的靶向细胞因子的新型生物制剂在不断涌现。文中对近年来国际上靶向炎症细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-17)的生物制剂的研发和临床应用的相关进展进行了综述,指出其副作用和应用风险,并结合其他学者和自己的研究工作提出减少副作用和风险的途径和方法。利用现代生物技术提高抗细胞因子生物制剂针对炎症或肿瘤组织的特异性,是靶向炎性细胞因子生物制剂未来的重要发展方向。