The association of type and number of high-risk criteria with cancer-specific mortality in prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy

Objectives:This study aimed to test the association between of type and number of D'Amico high-risk criteria(DHRCs)with cancer-specific mortality(CSM)in high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy.Materials and methods:In the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database(2004–2016),we identified 31,281 radical prostatectomy patients with at least 1 DHRC,namely,prostate-specific antigen(PSA)>20 ng/mL(hrPSA),biopsy Gleason Grade Group(hrGGG)score of 4 and 5,or clinical tumor stage≥T3(hrcT).Multivariable Cox regression models and competing risks regression models(adjusting for other cause mortality)tested the association between DHRCs and 5-year CSM.Results:Of 31,281 patients,14,394(67%)exclusively harbored hrGGG,3189(15%)harbored hrPSA,and 1781(8.2%)harbored hrcT.Only 2132 patients(6.8%)harbored a combination of the 2 DHRCs,and 138(0.6%)had all 3 DHRCs.Five-year CSMrates ranged from 0.9%to 3.0%when any individual DHRC was present(hrcT,hrPSA,and hrGGG,in that order),1.6%to 5.9%when 2 DHRCs were present(hrPSA-hrcT,hrcT-hrGGG,and hrPSA-hrGGG,in that order),and 8.1%when all 3 DHRCs were present.Cox regression models and competing risks regression confirmed the independent predictor status of DHRCs for 5-year CSM that was observed in univariable analyses,with hazard ratios from 1.00 to 2.83 for 1 DHRC,2.35 to 5.88 for combinations of 2 DHRCs,and 7.13 for all 3 DHRCs.Conclusions:Within individual DHRCs,hrcT and hrPSA exhibited weaker effects than hrGGG did.Moreover,a dose-response effect was identified according to the number of DHRCs.Accordingly,the type and number of DHRCs allow further risk stratification within the high-risk subgroup.

Differences in rates of pelvic lymph node dissection in National Comprehensive Cancer Network favorable,unfavorable intermediate-and high-risk prostate cancer across United States SEER registries

Background:The National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)guidelines recommend pelvic lymph node dissection(PLND)in NCCN high-and intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients.We tested for PLND nonadherence(no-PLND)rates within the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results(2010-2015).Materials and methods:We identified all radical prostatectomy patients who fulfilled the NCCN PLND guideline criteria(n=23,495).Nonadherence rates to PLND were tabulated and further stratified according to NCCN risk subgroups,race/ethnicity,geographic distribution,and year of diagnosis.Results:Overall,the no-PLND rate was 26%;it was 41%,25%,and 11%in the NCCN intermediate favorable,intermediate unfavorable,and high-risk prostate cancer patients,respectively(p<0.001).Overtime,the no-PLND rates declined in the overall cohort and within each NCCN risk subgroup.Georgia exhibited the highest no-PLND rate(49%),whereas New Jersey exhibited the lowest(15%).Finally,no-PLND race/ethnicity differences were recorded only in the NCCN intermediate unfavorable subgroup,where Asians exhibited the lowest no-PLND rate(20%)versus African Americans(27%)versus Whites(26%)versus Hispanic-Latinos(25%).Conclusions:The lowest no-PLND rates were recorded in the NCCN high-risk patients followed by NCCN intermediate unfavorable and favorable risk in that order.Our findings suggest that unexpectedly elevated differences in no-PLND rates warrant further examination.In all the NCCN risk subgroups,the no-PLND rates decreased over time.