Effects of Different Dietary Energy and Protein Levels on Meat Performance and Meat Quality of Jinghai Yellow Chickens

To investigate the effect of different dietary energy and protein levels on meat performance and meat quality of Jinghai yellow chickens, 480 43-day old Jinghai yellow chickens with similar weight were randomly divided into four experimental groups： experimental group 1 （protein 15%, metabolic energy 9.95 MJ/kg）, experimental group 2 （protein 16%, metabolic energy 10.95 MJ/kg）, experimental group 3 （protein 17%, metabolic energy 12.65 MJ/kg） and experimental group 4 （ protein 18%, metabolic energy 13.95 MJ/kg）, respectively. All chickens were slaughtered at 112-day old. The breast and leg muscles of Jinghai yellow chickens were collected, to determine the slaughter performance, conventional meat quality and muscle chemical indicators. The results indicated that dressing-out percentage and eviscerated yield percentage in four experimental groups were above 87.27% and 67.00%, respectively; other slaughter performance indicators exhibited no significant differences among various groups （P 〉 0.05 ） ; breast muscle color of hens in experimental group 4 varied significantly from that in other three groups （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; leg muscle color of hens in experimental group 2 varied extremely significantly from that in other three groups （ P 〈 0.01 ） ; water-holding capacity of breast muscles of hens in experimental group 3 was significantly higher than that in experimental group 4 （P 〈 0.05 ） ; thiamine content of breast muscles of cocks in experimental group 3 was significandy higher than that in experimental group 2 （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; however, other properties exhibited no significant differenees among various groups （P 〉 0.05 ）.

Research on Copyright Protection Method of Material Genome Engineering Data Based on Zero-Watermarking

In order to effectively solve the problem of copyright protection of materials genome engineering data,this paper proposes a method for copyright protection of materials genome engineering data based on zero-watermarking technology.First,the important attribute values are selected from the materials genome engineering database;then,use the method of remainder to group the selected attribute values and extract eigenvalues;then,the eigenvalues sequence is obtained by the majority election method;finally,XOR the sequence with the actual copyright information to obtain the watermarking information and store it in the third-party authentication center.When a copyright dispute requires copyright authentication for the database to be detected.First,the zero-watermarking construction algorithm is used to obtain an eigenvalues sequence;then,this sequence is XORed with the watermarking information stored in the third-party authentication center to obtain copyright information to-be-detected.Finally,the ownership is determined by calculating the similarity between copyright information to-be-detected and copyright information that has practical significance.The experimental result shows that the zero-watermarking method proposed in this paper can effectively resist various common attacks,and can well achieve the copyright protection of material genome engineering database.

A Prediction Method of Fracture Toughness of Nickel-Based Superalloys

Fracture toughness plays a vital role in damage tolerance design of materials and assessment of structural integrity.To solve these problems of com-plexity,time-consuming,and low accuracy in obtaining the fracture toughness value of nickel-based superalloys through experiments.A combination prediction model is proposed based on the principle of materials genome engineering,the fracture toughness values of nickel-based superalloys at different temperatures,and different compositions can be predicted based on the existing experimental data.First,to solve the problem of insufficient feature extraction based on manual experience,the Deep Belief Network(DBN)is used to extract features,and an attention mechanism module is introduced.To achieve the purpose of strengthen-ing the important features,an attention weight is assigned to each feature accord-ing to the importance of the feature.Then,the feature vectors obtained by the DBN module based on the Attention mechanism(A-DBN)are spliced with the original features.Thus,the prediction accuracy of the model is improved by extracting high-order combined features and low-order linear features between input and output data.Finally,the spliced feature vectors are put into the Support Vector Regression(SVR)model to further improve the regression prediction abil-ity of the model.The results of the contrast experiment show that the model can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the fracture toughness value of nickel-based superalloys.

Analysis on Irrational Decision Making of Tobacco Family Farmers from the Perspective of Optimal Scale of Efficiency

The larger the difference between the willingness scale of tobacco family farmers and the optimal scale of efficiency,the greater the degree of irrationality,and the higher the decision making risk.With the aid of DEA model,this study calculated the optimal scale of efficiency of Guiyang tobacco family farms.Using the ratio of willingness scale and efficiency optimal scale,it measured the degree of irrationality of family farmers.In addition,with the help of multiple linear regression model,it explained the irrational decision making mechanism of family farmers.Finally,it made a portrait of farmers who tend to make irrational decisions,to find specific farmers and guide them in their production and operation,reduce the risk of planting scale decision making and stabilize the sustainable development of the tobacco industry.

Major depressive disorder:hypothesis,mechanism,prevention and treatment

Worldwide,the incidence of major depressive disorder(MDD)is increasing annually,resulting in greater economic and social burdens.Moreover,the pathological mechanisms of MDD and the mechanisms underlying the effects of pharmacological treatments for MDD are complex and unclear,and additional diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for MDD still are needed.The currently widely accepted theories of MDD pathogenesis include the neurotransmitter and receptor hypothesis,hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis hypothesis,cytokine hypothesis,neuroplasticity hypothesis and systemic influence hypothesis,but these hypothesis cannot completely explain the pathological mechanism of MDD.Even it is still hard to adopt only one hypothesis to completely reveal the pathogenesis of MDD,thus in recent years,great progress has been made in elucidating the roles of multiple organ interactions in the pathogenesis MDD and identifying novel therapeutic approaches and multitarget modulatory strategies,further revealing the disease features of MDD.Furthermore,some newly discovered potential pharmacological targets and newly studied antidepressants have attracted widespread attention,some reagents have even been approved for clinical treatment and some novel therapeutic methods such as phototherapy and acupuncture have been discovered to have effective improvement for the depressive symptoms.In this work,we comprehensively summarize the latest research on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of MDD,preventive approaches and therapeutic medicines,as well as the related clinical trials.

24株鸡源丁酸梭菌的分离鉴定及耐药基因与毒力基因携带情况

【目的】旨在对鸡源丁酸梭菌进行分离鉴定与安全性评估。【方法】利用厌氧培养方法对源自汶上芦花鸡与SPF鸡粪便样品进行丁酸梭菌的分离与纯化,挑选可疑菌落进行微生物质谱鉴定,进一步通过16S rRNA基因测序进行鉴定,16S rRNA测序结果与NCBI核苷酸数据库中丁酸梭菌的16S rRNA序列进行同源性分析;同时,进行所有分离株对氧氟沙星、头孢吡肟等9种药物的药敏试验,利用PCR方法进行mefA等23种耐药基因扩增,基于益生菌安全要求对样品进行alpha等4种梭菌毒素基因以及typeA等4种肉毒毒素基因的测定。【结果】共分离鉴定了24株丁酸梭菌。24株均对氧氟沙星等7种抗生素表现为敏感,L-1、L-6、L-12仅对新霉素表现为中介,L-19仅对头孢吡肟表现为中介。全部菌株的mefA等16种耐药基因结果全部为阴性,sul2、flor、blaTEM 3种耐药基因全部呈阳性,tetC携带率为79.2%,cmlA携带率为45.8%,blaOXA携带率为37.5%,aadB携带率为12.5%,qnrA携带率为4.2%。PCR结果显示所有分离菌株的alpha、beta、epsilon、iota等4种梭菌毒素基因携带率0%。全部分离菌株均未携带typeA、typeB、typeE、typeF 4种肉毒毒素基因。【结论】结果表明,从未饲喂抗生素和丁酸梭菌的汶上芦花鸡与SPF鸡群中获得的24株丁酸梭菌分离株达到预期的安全性要求,可作为益生添加菌的筛选参考株。

丁酸梭菌影响肠炎沙门氏菌对SPF小鼠致病性的作用

【目的】旨在探究丁酸梭菌影响肠炎沙门氏菌(CVCC3377)对SPF小鼠的致病性及对小鼠的保护作用。【方法】选用72只6周龄SPF级雌性C57BL/6小鼠,按照完全随机区组设计分为阴性对照(CON)、饲喂丁酸梭菌组(CB)、沙门氏菌感染组(SE)和丁酸梭菌保护组(CB+SE)4组,每组18只。CON组和SE组饲喂基础日粮和饮水,CB组和CB+SE组饲喂基础日粮和每天更换添加丁酸梭菌(1×10^7 CFU/mL)的饮水,连续饲喂一周;第8天进行肠炎沙门氏菌感染实验,分别对SE组和CB+SE组灌服0.2 mL 1.1×10^4 CFU/只的肠炎沙门氏菌,同时对阴性对照组和丁酸梭菌组灌服0.2 mL生理盐水。在感染后第6天处死小鼠并采集肝脏、脾脏和盲肠及内容物样品。采用H.E染色检测肝脏和脾脏组织的病理学变化,免疫组化检测脾脏组织中TLR4、MyD88蛋白的表达水平,荧光定量PCR检测盲肠组织中TNF-α和IL-6的表达水平,并通过高通量测序方法分析其对肠道菌群的影响。【结果】结果显示,丁酸梭菌能够缓解肠炎沙门氏菌感染引起的小鼠体重下降;H.E染色结果显示,丁酸梭菌可以缓解肠炎沙门氏菌感染造成的组织损伤;免疫组化结果显示,丁酸梭菌可降低脾脏组织细胞中TLR4、MyD88蛋白的表达水平,荧光定量PCR结果显示肠炎沙门氏菌能够显著升高盲肠组织中TNF-α(P<0.05)和IL-6的表达水平,在此基础上饲喂丁酸梭菌能够降低TNF-α和IL-6的表达水平。高通量测序结果显示,丁酸梭菌组Chao1指数、ACE指数和Shannon指数均高于对照组和沙门氏菌感染组(P>0.05),丁酸梭菌可显著降低放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)在肠道微生物中的比例(P<0.05),另外,丁酸梭菌可以增加乳酸菌属在肠道微生物群落的相对丰度(P>0.05)。【结论】结果表明,丁酸梭菌可以提高小鼠免疫力,缓解由于沙门氏菌感染引起的炎症反应,增加肠道微生物多样性,调节肠道菌群结构。

Characterization and acid-mobilization study for typical iron- bearing clay mineral

In this study, iron speciation in five standard clay samples was characterized. Iron mobilization from these clays was then measured in acidic media. For comparison, a commercially available Arizona test dust （ATD） was also observed. The results showed that the free-Fe contents of clays were commonly lower than that of dust aerosols. The components of clays were dominant by the structural Fe held in the aluminosilicate lattice. The iron solubility of the clays were in the order of KGa-2 〉 SWy-2 〉 CCa-2 〉 IMt-2 〉 NAu- 2. Based upon the M6ssbauer spectrum and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） analysis, the Fe（Ⅱ） fraction and the Fe/Si ratio of clay particles changed after dissolution, suggesting the total Fe solubility depended on the Fe atom states existing within the aluminosilicate lattice. The Fe in KGa-2 and SWy-2 was most likely substituted for alkaline elements as the interlayer ions held by ionic bonds in the aluminosilicate, which are more liable to dissolution. However, the Fe in NAu-2 was more likely to be bound by strong covalent bonds in aluminosilicate mineral, which is less soluble. The much highly soluble Fe in ATD was not only linked to the dissolution of an appreciable fraction of Fe（Ⅱ）, but also could be attributed to the fact that the Fe bonds in the clay fraction of ATD were mainly present as ionic bonds. The TEM images showed that reacted clay particles displayed less aggregate particles, with nanoparticle aggregates and the Fe/S-rich tiny particles attached to the remains.

Observations of atmospheric pollutants at Lhasa during 2014-2015:Pollution status and the influence of meteorological factors

Atmospheric pollutants including SO_2, NO_2, CO, O_3 and inhalable particulate matter（PM2.5 and PM10） were monitored continuously from March 2014 to February 2015 to investigate characteristics of air pollution at Lhasa, Tibetan Plateau. Species exhibited similar seasonal variations except O_3, with the peaks in winter but low valleys in summer. The maximum O_3 concentration was observed in spring, followed by summer, autumn, and winter. The positive correlation between O_3 and PM10 in spring indicated similar sources of them, and was assumed to be turbulent transport. Temperature was the dominant meteorological factor for most species in spring. High temperature accelerates O_3 photochemistry, and favors air disturbance which is conductive to dust resuspension in spring. Relative humidity（RH） and atmospheric pressure were the main meteorological factors in summer. RH showed negative correlations with species, while atmospheric pressure posed opposite situation. Wind speed（WS） was the dominant meteorological factor in autumn, the negative correlations between WS and species indicated diffusion by wind. Most species showed non-significant correlations with meteorological factors in winter, indicating the dependence of pollution on source emission rather than restriction by meteorology. Pollution weather character indicated that emissions were from biomass burning and dust suspension, and meteorological factors also played an important role. Air stream injection from the stratosphere was observed during O_3 pollution period. Air parcels from Southwest Asia were observed during air pollution period in winter. An enhancement in air pollutants such as O_3 would be expected in the future, more attention should be given to countermeasures for prevention of air pollution in the future.