O_(2)在金团簇阳离子上的吸附:键合强度和活化程度的分析

本文结合团簇反应动力学实验和量子化学计算,研究了O_(2)在金团簇阳离子上的吸附与活化.实验发现,在温和条件下,Au_(10)^(+)能快速吸附单个O_(2)分子形成Au_(10)O_(2)^(+);Au_(2)^(+)和Au_(4)^(+)的反应性则较低,但相应的氩络合物Au_(2)ArO_(2)^(+)和Au_(4)Ar_(1,2)O_(2)^(+)很容易形成;除此之外,其他尺寸的团簇都表现出反应惰性.理论计算表明,O_(2)倾向于以端接的方式吸附在具有线型或平面型结构的Au_(n)^(+)(n=2~7)簇和Au_(8)^(+)的平面异构体上,并表现出极低的活化程度吸附在具有三维结构的Au_(n)^(+)(n=9,11,13)簇上的O_(2)也呈现出类似的特征。与此形成鲜明对比的是,在Au_(8)^(+)的三维异构体和n=10,12,14的偶数大尺寸Au_(n)^(+)上,O_(2)倾向于以侧向桥接的方式吸附并被高度活化.理论预测的O_(2)在团簇上的键合强度结合动力学因素影响,合理地解释了实验中观察到的反应产物Au_(2,4,10)O_(2)^(+),Au_(2)ArO_(2)^(+)和Au_(4)ArO_(2)^(+).

How far has the globe gone in achieving One Health?Current evidence and policy implications based on global One Health index

Background:In the 21st century,as globalization accelerates and global public health crises occur,the One Health approach,guided by the holistic thinking of human-animal-environment and emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration to address global health issues,has been strongly advocated by the international community.An immediate requirement exists for the creation of an assessment tool to foster One Health initiatives on both global and national scales.Methods:Built upon extensive expert consultations and dialogues,this follow-up study enhances the 2022 global One Health index(GOHI)indicator system.The GOHI framework is enriched by covering three indices,e.g.external drivers index(EDI),intrinsic drivers index(IDI),and core drivers index(CDI).The comprehensive indicator system incorporates 13 key indicators,50 indicators,and 170 sub I-indicators,utilizing a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to ascertain the weight for each indicator.Weighted and summed,the EDI,IDI,and CDI scores contribute to the computation of the overall GOHI 2022 score.By comparing the ranking and the overall scores among the seven regions and across 160 countries/territories,we have not only derived an overall profile of the GOHI 2022 scores,but also assessed the GOHI framework.We also compared rankings of indicators and sub Iindicators to provide greater clarity on the strengths and weaknesses of each region within the One Health domains.Results:The GOHI 2022 performance reveals significant disparities between countries/territories ranged from 39.03 to 70.61.The global average score of the GOHI 2022 is 54.82.The average score for EDI,IDI,and CDI are 46.57,58.01,and 57.25,respectively.In terms of global rankings,countries from North America,Europe and Central Asia,East Asia and Pacific present higher scores.In terms of One Health domains of CDI,the lowest scores are observed in antimicrobial resistance(median:43.09),followed by food security(median:53.78),governance(median:54.77),climate change(median:64.12)and zoonotic diseases(median:69.23).Globally,the scores of GOHI vary spatially,with the highest score in North America while lowest in sub-Saharan Africa.In addition,evidence shows associations between the socio-demographic profile of countries/territories and their GOHI performance in certain One Health scenarios.Conclusion:The objective of GOHI is to guide impactful strategies for enhancing capacity building in One Health.With advanced technology and an annually updated database,intensifying efforts to refine GOHI's data-mining methodologies become imperative.The goal is to offer profound insights into disparities and progressions in practical One Health implementation,particularly in anticipation of future pandemics.

分析化学课程思政教学设计与实践

分析化学课程在化学专业人才培养中占有重要的位置,在学生创新能力和科研实训中发挥着重要的作用。在对分析化学教学内容深入剖析的基础上,从人才培养目标出发,设计分析化学课程思政教学内容,结合教学实践活动,开展分析化学课程思政教学,提升学生学以致用、学用结合的学科能力并发挥专业知识的价值引领作用,促进专业知识与思政育人的协同育人。

China's One Health governance system:the framework and its application

One Health is an interdisciplinary approach that promotes the resolution of complex health issues through collaboration across multiple disciplines. In addition to accountability, the One Health governance structure fosters shared understanding, trust, and an appreciation for diverse perspectives and requirements. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current integration of the One Health approach within China's existing health governance framework. It also proposes strategies for further improvement, with emphasis on the level of implementation and contributions to the advancement of One Health governance through an examination of current health policies.

Antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of Salmonella in the chicken production chain in Hubei Province, China

Salmonella is a significant foodborne zoonotic pathogen that endangers both human and animal health.The goal of this research is to gain a preliminary understanding of Salmonella contamination and antimicrobial resistance in the chicken production chain in Hubei Province,China.1149 animal and environmental samples were collected from chicken farms,slaughterhouses,and retail markets in six cities across Hubei Province in China from 2019 to 2020,yielding Salmonella isolation rates of 4.68%(28/598),12.21%(47/385),and 9.64%(16/166),respectively.Seventeen distinct serotypes were detected among 53 non-clonal Salmonella strains,of which Meleagridis(26.42%,14/53)was the dominant serotype.Almost half of the strains(49.06%,26/53)were multi-drug resistant(MDR).Whole-genome sequencing(WGS)showed that 10 resistance genes(tetA,bla_(TEM),parC,qnrs1,floR,aac(6'-ly,aph(6)-ld,aph(3")-b,aac(6')-laa and sul2)and 7 categories of virulence genes were present in all three links in 22 non-clonal dominant serotype strains.It was shown that Salmonella in the chicken production chain in Hubei Province had a high resist-ance rate to Tetracycline(TET,73.58%),Ofloxacin(OFL,69.81%),Florfenicol(FFC,60.38%)and Ampicillin(AMP,39.62%)which was consistent with the widespread use of these drugs in the husbandry industry in China.Salmonella ST types determined by MLST and serotypes determined by WGS had a one-to-one correlation.Minimum spanning tree analysis revealed that there was cross contamination of Salmonella in farms and slaughterhouses,slaughterhouses and markets,animal samples and environmental samples.This work provides useful information for the prevention and control of contamination and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in the chicken production chain,as well as demonstrating the dependable role of WGS in Salmonella molecular typing.

Study on Rural Residential Land in Chizhou City

On the basis of the analysis of current situation and problems of rural residential land in Chizhou City, we offer rewarding thinking for improving the effective use of rural residential land and building a better countryside, in view of the characteristics of the topography and socio-economic development in different regions of this city.

非水系锂空气电池碳基正极材料

锂空气电池因其极高的理论能量密度和环境友好等优点,有望成为下一代车用动力电源体系。然而,目前锂空气电池尚存在许多的问题和挑战,就正极而言,空气电极活性低的问题已成为制约锂空气电池技术发展最为重要的问题,因此,开发高性能锂空气电池正极催化剂一直以来都是该领域的重要研究课题。碳基催化剂(正极材料)是目前最具吸引力的锂空气电池正极材料之一,近年来得到了广泛的关注和研究。本文总结和介绍了近年来国内外在多孔碳基材料、石墨烯基材料、掺杂碳材料等碳材料作为锂空气电池正极材料方面的进展,包括本课题组在非水系锂空气电池正极材料方面的研究工作,并对碳基正极材料的发展及其在锂空气电池中的应用前景做了展望。

细菌的应激反应和生理代谢与耐药性及其控制策略

抗菌药在医疗和畜牧生产中的滥用导致了细菌抗药性的产生,这个公共卫生问题引起了人们越来越多的关注。除了基因突变和获得形成的抗药性(Resistance)外,细菌在自然环境中遇到的各种压力会引发其产生应激反应,这不仅可以保护细菌免受这些压力的影响,还会改变细菌对抗菌药的耐药性(Tolerance)。耐药性的产生必然会影响细菌的生理代谢,但是细菌可以通过调节自身代谢恢复对药物的敏感性。文中综述了近年来细菌应激反应和生理代谢与细菌耐药性之间的相关研究,以期采取更加有效的措施来控制细菌抗药性的发生和蔓延。

Two-Dimensional Ground Deformation Monitoring in Shanghai Based on SBAS and MSBAS InSAR Methods

Shanghai has experienced the greatest land subsidence in China in the past sixty years and produced undesirable environmental impact. However, horizontal ground deformation has not been understood yet. Therefore ground deformation monitoring together with the analysis of its driving forces are critical for geo-hazards early-warning, city planning and sustainable urbanization in Shanghai. In this paper, two-dimensional ground deformation monitoring was performed in Shanghai with SBAS and MSBAS InSAR methods. Twenty-nine Multi-Look Fine 6 （MF6） Radarsat-2 SLC data acquired during 2011-2013 were used to derive vertical ground deformation. Meanwhile, six descending Multi-Look Fine 6 （MF6） and four ascending Multi-Look Fine 2 （MF2） spanning April to August, 2008, were used to derive vertical and horizontal ground deformation during the observation period. The results indicate that vertical and horizontal deformations in 2008 were not homogeneously distributed in different districts ranging from 0-2 cm/year. Vertical deformation rate during 2011-2013 were decreased to less than 1 cm/year in most district of Shanghai area. Activities from groundwater exploitation and rapid urbanization are responsible for most of the ground deformation in Shanghai. Thus, future ground deformation in vertical and horizontal directions should be warranted.

METTL14 is a chromatin regulator independent of its RNA N^(6)-methyladenosine methyltransferase activity

METTL3 and METTL14 are two components that form the core heterodimer of the main RNA m^(6)A methyltransferase complex(MTC)that installs m^(6)A.Surprisingly,depletion of METTL3 or METTL14 displayed distinct effects on stemness maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cell(mESC).While comparable global hypo-methylation in RNA m^(6)A was observed in Mettl3 or Mettl14 knockout mESCs,respectively.Mettl14 knockout led to a globally decreased nascent RNA synthesis,whereas Mettl3 depletion resulted in transcription upregulation,suggesting that METTL14 might possess an mA-independent role in gene regulation.We found that METTL14 colocalizes with the repressive H3K27me3 modification.Mechanistically,METTL14,but not METTL3,binds H3K27me3 and recruits KDM6B to induce H3K27me3 demethylation independent of METTL3.Depletion of METTL14 thus led to a global increase in H3K27me3 level along with a global gene suppression.The effects of METTL14 on regulation of H3K27me3 is essential for the transition from self-renewal to differentiation of mESCs.This work reveals a regulatory mechanism on heterochromatin by METTL14 in a manner distinct from METTL3 and independently of m^(6)A,and critically impacts transcriptional regulation,stemness maintenance,and differentiation ofmESCs.

Could China’s journey of malaria elimination extend to Africa?

World Health Organization (WHO) certified China malaria-free on June 30, 2021, which brightens the goal of global malaria elimination efforts. China contributed its unique innovations to the global community: Artemisinin, discovered by Tu Youyou, has saved millions of lives globally;the “1-3-7” norm developed in 2012, has been adapted in the local contexts of countries in the Southeast Asia and Africa. How to the targets of Global Technical Strategy for Malaria (GTS) 2016−2030. By looking into the malaria control phase, towards elimination phase from 1960 to 2011 in sub-Saharan Africa and China, we found that the gap in malaria burden will widen unless the interventions in Africa are enhanced. It is imperative to identify the key China–Africa cooperation areas on malaria control and elimination, so that synergized efforts could be pooled together to help African countries achieve the elimination goal. The practices from China malaria control and elimination efforts could be leveraged to fast-track malaria elimination efforts in Africa, which makes it possible that the China’s journey of malaria elimination extends to Africa.

Role of international network on surveillance and response system leading to malaria elimination: China’s engagement in global health

China has accumulated multiple practices and experiences in building and enhancing malaria surveillance and response system. As China’s engagement into global health has gathered stronger momentum than ever, China together with the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and WHO has organised five sessions of the International Forum on Surveillance-Response System Leading to Tropical Diseases Elimination during 2012–2020, in which malaria elimination has always been one of the hottest topics. In this study, the roles of international network on the surveillance and response system were explored to achieve a global malaria-free goal. China’s approach to malaria elimination has demonstrated significance of global collaboration on taking joint prevention and control, and building a worldwide institutional-based network.

Synergistic optimization of electrical and thermal transport in n-type Bi-doped PbTe by introducing coherent nanophase Cu1-75Te

Based on the calculated results of band structures and density of states,Bi doping is used to adjust its carrier concentration in order to obtain n-type PbTe materials with high power factor.Then,coherent nanophase Cu1.75Te is in situ formed in the n-type PbTe matrix,which can simultaneously optimize the thermal and electrical properties.As a result,at a relative lower temperature than other reports,the highest ZT value of 1.4 is obtained at 623 K for the nominal Pb0995Bi0005Te+0.86 wt%Cu175Te sample.More importantly,the ZT hold a higher value in the broad temperature;especially,ZT value is about 1.2-1.4 in the temperature range of 573-773 K,which is beneficial to the significant average ZT value ZTave~0.9 in the temperature range of 300-773 K.These results indicate that it is an effective and feasible method to enhance the thermoelectric properties via synergistic modulation of electrical and thermal transport properties by element doping and in situ coherent nanophase.

Causal Effect of Genetically Determined Blood Copper Concentrations on Multiple Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization and Phenome-Wide Association Study

Exposures to copper have become a health concern.We aim to explore the broad clinical effects of blood copper concentrations.A total of 376,346 Caucasian subjects were enrolled.We performed a Mendelian randomization and phenome-wide association study(MR-PheWAS)to evaluate the causal association between copper and a wide range of outcomes in UK Biobank,and we constructed a protein-protein interaction network.We found association between blood copper concentrations and five diseases in the overall population and nine diseases in male.MR analysis implicated a causal role of blood copper in five diseases(overall population),including prostate cancer(OR=0.87,95%CI 0.77-0.98),malignant and unknown neoplasms of the brain and nervous system(OR=0.58,95%CI 0.38-0.89),and hypertension(OR=0.94,95%CI 0.90-0.98),essential hypertension(OR=0.94,95%CI 0.90-0.98)and cancer of brain and nervous system(OR=0.63,95%CI 0.41-0.98).For male,except for dysphagia being newly associated with blood copper(OR=1.39,95%CI 1.18-1.63),other MR results were consistent with the overall population.In addition,the PPI network showed possible relationship between blood copper and four outcomes,namely brain cancer,prostate cancer,hypertension,and dysphagia.Blood copper may have causal association with prostate cancer,malignant and unknown neoplasms of the brain and nervous system,hypertension,and dysphagia.Considering that copper is modifiable,exploring whether regulation of copper levels can be used to optimize health outcomes might have public health importance.

Causal Relationship Between Complement C3,C4,and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease:Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis

The complement system is activated during the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).We aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between serum C3 and C4 levels and NAFLD.After exclusion criteria,a total of 1600 Chinese Han men from the Fangchenggang Area Male Health and Examination Survey cohort were enrolled in cross-sectional analysis,while 572 participants were included in the longitudinal analysis(average follow-up of 4 years).We performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis using two C3-related,eight C4-related and three NAFLD-related gene loci as instrumental variables to evaluate the causal associations between C3,C4,and NAFLD risk in cross-sectional analysis.Per SD increase in C3 levels was significantly associated with higher risk of NAFLD(OR=1.65,95%CI 1.40,1.94)in cross-sectional analysis while C4 was not(OR=1.04,95%CI 0.89,1.21).Longitudinal analysis produced similar results(HR_(C3)=1.20,95%CI 1.02,1.42;HR_(C4)=1.10,95%CI 0.94,1.28).In MR analysis,there were no causal relation-ships for genetically determined C3 levels and NAFLD risk using unweighted or weighted GRS_C3(β_(E_unweighted)=−0.019,95%CI−0.019,−0.019,p=0.202;β_(E_weighted)=−0.019,95%CI−0.019,−0.019,p=0.322).Conversely,serum C3 lev-els were significantly effected by the genetically determined NAFLD(β_(E_unweighted)=0.020,95%CI 0.020,0.020,p=0.004;β_(E_weighted)=0.021,95%CI 0.020,0.021,p=0.004).Neither the direction from C4 to NAFLD nor the one from NAFLD to C4 showed significant association.Our results support that the change in serum C3 levels but not C4 levels might be caused by NAFLD in Chinese Han men.

Development and Impacts of the Sierra Leone-China Laboratory for Parasitic Diseases Testing and Surveillance

BACKGROUND The Republic of Sierra Leone is located on the west coast of Africa,bordering Guinea and Liberia,with a population of 7.8 million in 2019(1).It has a tropical monsoon climate,with high temperatures and plentiful precipitation.As one of the least developed countries in the world(2),Sierra Leone has long struggled with poor health outcomes with a life expectancy at birth of 59 for male and 61 for female,and high maternal and neonatal mortality,threatened by infectious diseases such as malaria,tuberculosis,typhoid fever,cholera,and Lassa fever(3).

DNA Nanostructure-Guided Plasmon Coupling Architectures

Plasmon coupling architectures with specific spatial and orientational arrangement configurations possess unique and tailored plasmonic properties and hold promise for advancements in nano-optics,nanoantennas,and biosensors.Numerous research has focused on the construction of plasmonic assemblies with predetermined configurations.DNA nanostructures with arbitrary geometry,high compatibility with metal nanoparticles,and spatial addressability meet the requirement for precise spatial and orientation arrangement.Currently,DNA nanostructures are widely exploited as structural materials to generate plasmonic structures with well-defined topologies.We review the evolution of DNA nanostructureguided plasmon coupling architectures,including the introduction of DNA nanostructures,DNA modification on the surface of plasmonic nanoparticles,and three strategies for constructing complex plasmonic nanostructures.Then we focus on the emerging applications of DNA nanostructure-guided architectures with engineered local electromagnetic enhancement for modulating plasmon coupling,amplifying emitter signals,and serving as biosensors.Finally,we will critically discuss the challenges and opportunities in this field.