Influence of Unconscious Emotional Control Goals Priming on Anticipatory Anxiety and Physiological Activity

Individuals frequently generate emotion during the anticipation process and the anticipatory emotion has an important adaptive significance, especially the negative anticipative emotion. Many researches used conscious emotion regulation strategy and successfully reduced negative anticipatory emotion. However, it is costly for our limited cognition. In the present study, we used sentence unscrambling tasks to prime unconscious emotion control goal and investigated its effect on anticipatory anxiety, including experience and physiological activity. The results showed that 1) relative to anticipating neutral images, participations’ anxiety experience and skin conductance level were higher when anticipating negative and unknown images;2) participants who had a unconscious emotion control goal primed achieved the same decrease in skin conductance as those explicitly instructed to reappraise, compared to a control group;3) heart rate was not affected by experiment condition and anticipation type. Together, these findings suggest that unconscious emotion regulation may provide an effective mean of regulating negative anticipatory emotion.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation as a novel mechanism of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs)-induced pulmonary inflammation in chickens

Microplastics(MPs)have attracted growing attention worldwide as an increasingly prevalent environmental pollutant.In addition,chicken meat is currently the most widely consumed kind of poultry in the global market.Consumer demand for chicken is on the rise both at home and abroad.As a result,the safety of chicken raising has also received significant attention.The lungs play an essential role in the physiological activities of chickens,and they are also the most vulnerable organs.Lung injury is difficult to repair after the accumulation of contaminants,and the mortality rate is high,which brings huge economic losses to farmers.The research on the toxicity of MPs has mainly focused on the marine ecosystem,while the mechanisms of toxicity and lung damage in chickens have been poorly studied.Thus,this study explored the effects of exposure to polystyrene microplastics(PS-MPs)at various concentrations for 42 d on chicken lungs.PS-MPs could cause lung pathologies and ultrastructural abnormalities,such as endoplasmic reticulum(ER)swelling,inflammatory cell infiltration,chromatin agglutination,and plasma membrane rupture.Simultaneously,PS-MPs increased the expression of genes related to the heat shock protein family(Hsp60,Hsp70,and Hsp90),ER stress signaling(activating) transcription factor 6(ATF0),ATF4,protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase(PERK),and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunitα(eIF2a),pyroptosis-related genes(NOD)-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain(ASC),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase 1(Caspasel),and gasdermin-D(GSDMD),and the inflammatory signaling pathway(nuclear factor-kB(NF-kB),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2).The above results showed that PS-MP exposure could result in lung stress,ER stress,pyroptosis,and inflammation in broilers.Our findings provide new scientific clues for further research on the mechanisms of physical health and toxicology regardingMPs.

Accelerating electron transport in Eosin Y by bidentately bridging on BaSnO_(3)for noble-metal-free photocatalytic H 2 production

The separation and transport of photogenerated carriers is regarded as a curial factor in photocatalytic H_(2)pro-duction.As known in solar cells and photoelectron-chemistry,to strengthen the electron conduction for effective utilization of carriers,the electron transport material(ETM)is widely applied.Herein,inspired by the function of ETM,we adopted barium stannate(BaSnO_(3),labeled as BSO)as an excellent ETM which had the merits of high electron mobility,suitable conduction band position and simple preparation,to adjust the carrier kinetics of dye Eosin Y(EY)-sensitized photocatalytic system.Detailly,the photocatalytic system with the spatial sepa-ration sites of photogenerated carriers excitation and water reduction reaction was elaborately constructed,that was,dye EY-sensitized BSO(EY/BSO)for photocatalytic H_(2)production.The photocatalytic H_(2)-production rate of EY/BSO(257𝜇mol·h^(−1)·g EY^(−1))in the absence of noble metals was 28.6 times higher than that of single EY(∼9𝜇mol·h^(−1)·g EY^(−1))under visible-light irradiation.With systematic and comprehensive characterizations,the formed electron transport channel by the bidentate bridging of EY on BSO could accelerate the transfer of photogenerated electrons from EY to BSO,promoting the effective separation of photogenerated carriers for the enhanced pho-tocatalytic performance.Moreover,the water reduction reaction for H_(2)production proceeded on the surface of BSO that acted as the H_(2)-evolution cocatalyst,avoiding the use of high-cost noble metals.Furthermore,based on the well-proved ETM-based concept in the EY/BSO system,La-doped BaSnO_(3)(LBSO)with better electron trans-port ability was adopted to construct EY/LBSO system(344𝜇mol·h^(−1)·g EY^(−1))which showed better photocatalytic activity than EY/BSO.