Carbon-based electric double layer capacitors(EDLCs)hold tremendous potentials due to their high-power performance and excellent cycle stability.However,the practical use of EDLCs is limited by the low energy density ...Carbon-based electric double layer capacitors(EDLCs)hold tremendous potentials due to their high-power performance and excellent cycle stability.However,the practical use of EDLCs is limited by the low energy density in aqueous electrolyte and sluggish diffusion kinetics in organic or/and ionic liquids electrolyte.Herein,3D carbon frameworks(3DCFs)constructed by interconnected nanocages(10-20 nm)with an ultrathin wall of ca.2 nm have been fabricated,which possess high specific surface area,hierarchical porosity and good conductive network.After deoxidization,the deoxidized 3DCF(3DCFDO)exhibits a record low IR drop of 0.064 V at 100 A g^−1 and ultrafast charge/discharge rate up to 10 V s^−1.The related device can be charged up to 77.4%of its maximum capacitance in 0.65 s at 100 A g^−1 in 6 M KOH.It has been found that the 3DCF-DO has a great affinity to EMIMBF4,resulting in a high specific capacitance of 174 F g^−1 at 1 A g^−1,and a high energy density of 34 Wh kg^−1 at an ultrahigh power density of 150 kW kg^−1 at 4 V after a fast charge in 1.11 s.This work provides a facile fabrication of novel 3D carbon frameworks for supercapacitors with ultrafast charge/discharge rate and high energy-power density.展开更多
Wearable self-powered systems integrated with energy conversion and storage devices such as solar-charging power units arouse widespread concerns in scientific and industrial realms.However,their applications are hamp...Wearable self-powered systems integrated with energy conversion and storage devices such as solar-charging power units arouse widespread concerns in scientific and industrial realms.However,their applications are hampered by the restrictions of unbefitting size matching between integrated modules,limited tolerance to the variation of input current,reliability,and safety issues.Herein,flexible solar-charging self-powered units based on printed Zn-ion hybrid micro-capacitor as the energy storage module is developed.Unique 3D micro-/nano-architecture of the biomass kelp-carbon combined with multivalent ion(Zn2+)storage endows the aqueous Zn-ion hybrid capacitor with high specific capacity(196.7 mAh g^−1 at 0.1 A g^−1).By employing an in-plane asymmetric printing technique,the fabricated quasi-solid-state Zn-ion hybrid microcapacitors exhibit high rate,long life and energy density up to 8.2μWh cm^−2.After integrating the micro-capacitor with organic solar cells,the derived self-powered system presents outstanding energy conversion/storage efficiency(ηoverall=17.8%),solar-charging cyclic stability(95%after 100 cycles),wide current tolerance,and good mechanical flexibility.Such portable,wearable,and green integrated units offer new insights into design of advanced self-powered systems toward the goal of developing highly safe,economic,stable,and long-life smart wearable electronics.展开更多
CH4 dissociation on Co(0001) surfaces is an important step, which has been investigated at the level of density functional theory. It is found that CH4 is unfavorable to adsorb on Co(0001), while CH4 favores to di...CH4 dissociation on Co(0001) surfaces is an important step, which has been investigated at the level of density functional theory. It is found that CH4 is unfavorable to adsorb on Co(0001), while CH4 favores to dissociate to CH3, CH2 and CH on Co(0001) surface by sequential dehydrogenation. In the whole process of CH4 dehydrogenation, CH4 dissociate to CH3 and H is the rate-determining step. The calculated results show that CH2 and CH exist mainly on Co(0001) surface, while the dehydrogenation of CH into C and H is difficult.展开更多
Preparation of high-quality films plays an important role to achieve high-performance nonfullerene (NF) organic solar cells. NF active layer films are typically fabricated by spin coating. Novel fabrication methods to...Preparation of high-quality films plays an important role to achieve high-performance nonfullerene (NF) organic solar cells. NF active layer films are typically fabricated by spin coating. Novel fabrication methods to process the NF active layer are desirable to be compatible with large-area production. Herein, we report on the fabrication of NF active layer films via a water transfer printing method.This method delivers a uniform film with controllable film thicknesses. NF active layers of PDBD-T:ITIC and PBDB-T-2F:IT-4F were fabricated via the method to validate its effectiveness. Solar cells with the water transfer-printed active layers show comparable performance (up to 11.7%) to the cells with spin-coated active layers. Furthermore, NF solar modules containing 4-sub cells with the active area of 3.2 cm2 are also fabricated via the method. The module shows VOC of up to 3.4 V and a power conversion efficiency of 8.1% with the PBDB-T-2F:IT-4F active layer.展开更多
In order to understand IPv6 topology characteristics and dynamic behaviors deeply, and guide the design of IPv6 Internet structure, an Internet IP level topology evolution model (IP-TEM) based on power-law distributio...In order to understand IPv6 topology characteristics and dynamic behaviors deeply, and guide the design of IPv6 Internet structure, an Internet IP level topology evolution model (IP-TEM) based on power-law distribution was established. Selected the data of IPv6 IP-level topology from CAIDA Internet Global Research Institute in the year from 2012 to 2016 to analyze the evolution characteristics of IPv6 during the probing period, and then introduced to the characteristic outlier weight to locate the mutation time point to analyze the network topology mutation evolution, it is concluded that the evolution trend of other characteristics and the mutation points of each characteristic outlier weight are basically the same except for the average clustering coefficient. Then simulated the normal evolution and mutation evolution of the network respectively using IP-TEM, the simulation results show that IP-TEM can simulate the normal evolution and partial mutation evolution of the real network.展开更多
Tobacco smoking is a prevalent and detrimental habit practiced worldwide,increasing the risk of various diseases,including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),cardiovascular disease,liver disease,and cancer.Al...Tobacco smoking is a prevalent and detrimental habit practiced worldwide,increasing the risk of various diseases,including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),cardiovascular disease,liver disease,and cancer.Although previous research has explored the detrimental health effects of tobacco smoking,recent studies suggest that gut microbiota dysbiosis may play a critical role in these outcomes.Numerous tobacco smoke components,such as nicotine,are found in the gastrointestinal tract and interact with gut microbiota,leading to lasting impacts on host health and diseases.This review delves into the ways tobacco smoking and its various constituents influence gut microbiota composition and functionality.We also summarize recent advancements in understanding how tobacco smoking-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis affects host health.Furthermore,this review introduces a novel perspective on how changes in gut microbiota following smoking cessation may contribute to withdrawal syndrome and the degree of health improvements in smokers.展开更多
Salt stress is a major abiotic stress which severely hinders crop production.However,the regulatory network controlling tomato resistance to salt remains unclear.Here,we found that the tomato WRKY transcription factor...Salt stress is a major abiotic stress which severely hinders crop production.However,the regulatory network controlling tomato resistance to salt remains unclear.Here,we found that the tomato WRKY transcription factor WRKY57 acted as a negative regulator in salt stress response by directly attenuating the transcription of salt-responsive genes(Sl RD29B and Sl DREB2)and an ion homeostasis gene(Sl SOS1).We further identified two VQ-motif containing proteins Sl VQ16 and Sl VQ21as Sl WRKY57-interacting proteins.Sl VQ16 positively,while Sl VQ21 negatively modulated tomato resistance to salt stress.Sl VQ16 and Sl VQ21 competitively interacted with Sl WRKY57 and antagonistically regulated the transcriptional repression activity of Sl WRKY57.Additionally,the Sl WRKY57-Sl VQ21/Sl VQ16 module was involved in the pathway of phytohormone jasmonates(JAs)by interacting with JA repressors JA-ZIM domain(JAZ)proteins.These results provide new insights into how the Sl WRKY57-Sl VQ21/Sl VQ16 module finely tunes tomato salt tolerance.展开更多
Current seasonal influenza vaccines confer only limited coverage of virus strains due to the frequent genetic and antigenic variability of influenza virus(IV).Epitope vaccines that accurately target conserved domains ...Current seasonal influenza vaccines confer only limited coverage of virus strains due to the frequent genetic and antigenic variability of influenza virus(IV).Epitope vaccines that accurately target conserved domains provide a promising approach to increase the breadth of protection;however,poor immunogenicity greatly hinders their application.The protruding(P)domain of the norovirus(NoV),which can self-assemble into a 24-mer particle called the NoV P particle,offers an ideal antigen presentation platform.In this study,a multiepitope nanovaccine displaying influenza epitopes(HMN-PP)was constructed based on the NoV P particle nanoplatform.Large amounts of HMN-PP were easily expressed in Escherichia coli in soluble form.Animal experiments showed that the adjuvanted HMN-PP nanovaccine induced epitope-specific antibodies and haemagglutinin(HA)-specific neutralizing antibodies,the antibodies could persist for at least three months after the last immunization.Furthermore,HMN-PP induced matrix protein 2 extracellular domain(M2e)-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity,CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T-cell responses,a nucleoprotein(NP)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)response.These results indicated that the combination of a multiepitope vaccine and self-assembled NoV P particles may be an ideal and effective vaccine strategy for highly variable viruses such as IV and SARS-CoV-2.展开更多
Since metabolic process differs between humans and mice, studies were performed in hamsters, which are generally considered to be a more appropriate animal model for studies of obesityrelated metabolic disorders. The ...Since metabolic process differs between humans and mice, studies were performed in hamsters, which are generally considered to be a more appropriate animal model for studies of obesityrelated metabolic disorders. The modulation of gut microbiota, bile acids and the farnesoid X receptor(FXR) axis is correlated with obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice. However,the interactions among the gut microbiota, bile acids and FXR in metabolic disorders remained largely unexplored in hamsters. In the current study, hamsters fed a 60% high-fat diet(HFD) were administeredvehicle or an antibiotic cocktail by gavage twice a week for four weeks. Antibiotic treatment alleviated HFD-induced glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis and inflammation accompanied with decreased hepatic lipogenesis and elevated thermogenesis in subcutaneous white adipose tissue(sWAT). In the livers of antibiotic-treated hamsters, cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1(CYP7 B1) in the alternative bile acid synthesis pathway was upregulated, contributing to a more hydrophilic bile acid profile with increased tauro-β-muricholic acid(TβMCA). The intestinal FXR signaling was suppressed but remained unchanged in the liver. This study is of potential translational significance in determining the role of gut microbiota-mediated bile acid metabolism in modulating diet-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis in the hamster.展开更多
Understanding the development,regeneration,and disorders of the liver is the major goal in liver biology.Current mechanistic knowledge of human livers has been largely derived from mouse models and cell lines,which fa...Understanding the development,regeneration,and disorders of the liver is the major goal in liver biology.Current mechanistic knowledge of human livers has been largely derived from mouse models and cell lines,which fall short in recapitulating the features of human liver cells or the structures and functions of human livers.Organoids as an in vitro system hold the promise to generate organ-like tissues in a dish.Recent advances in human liver organoids also facilitate the understanding of the biology and diseases in this complex organ.Here we review the progress in human liver organoids,mainly focusing on the methods to generate liver organoids,their applications,and possible future directions.展开更多
Highly conductive and dispersible Al-doped ZnO(AZO) nanoparticles(NPs) have been successfully prepared by ligand-free colloidal synthesis at low temperature and stabilization by surfactant-aid including ethanolamine(E...Highly conductive and dispersible Al-doped ZnO(AZO) nanoparticles(NPs) have been successfully prepared by ligand-free colloidal synthesis at low temperature and stabilization by surfactant-aid including ethanolamine(EA), ethylenediamine(EDA),diethylenetriamine(DETA) and triethylenetetramine(TETA). Due to the strong intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions between AZO NPs and the amino groups from surfactants, the inevitable aggregation was suppressed and the surface defect sites were passivated obviously. The existence of electron transfer from the nitrogen of the amino groups to the zinc of AZO,led to a dramatic increase in electrical conductivity. A homogeneous current intensity value up to ~2200 pA for AZO tread by DETA was characterized by conductive atomic force microscopy(C-AFM), which was more superior than that of the reported sol-gel synthesized AZO with the assistance of EA surfactant(refer to 170.7 pA). Furthermore, non-fullerenes solar cells based on PBDB-T:ITIC with AZO-DETA(80 nm) yielded a best device efficiency of 10.7% and kept up prominent PCE exceeding 10%even with more thicker interlayer(95 nm).展开更多
The certified power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic photovoltaics(OPV)fabricated in laboratories has improved dramatically to over 19%owing to the rapid development of narrow-bandgap small-molecule acceptors and ...The certified power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic photovoltaics(OPV)fabricated in laboratories has improved dramatically to over 19%owing to the rapid development of narrow-bandgap small-molecule acceptors and wide bandgap polymer donor materials.The next pivotal question is how to translate small-area laboratory devices into large-scale commercial applications.This requires the OPV to be solution-processed and flexible to satisfy the requirements of high-throughput and large-scale production such as roll-to-roll printing.This review summarizes and analyzes recent progress in solution-processed flexible OPV.After a detailed discussion from the perspective of the behavior of the narrow bandgap small-molecule acceptor and wide bandgap polymer donor active layer in solution-processed flexible devices,the existing challenges and future directions are discussed.展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672033,U1610255,U1703251).
文摘Carbon-based electric double layer capacitors(EDLCs)hold tremendous potentials due to their high-power performance and excellent cycle stability.However,the practical use of EDLCs is limited by the low energy density in aqueous electrolyte and sluggish diffusion kinetics in organic or/and ionic liquids electrolyte.Herein,3D carbon frameworks(3DCFs)constructed by interconnected nanocages(10-20 nm)with an ultrathin wall of ca.2 nm have been fabricated,which possess high specific surface area,hierarchical porosity and good conductive network.After deoxidization,the deoxidized 3DCF(3DCFDO)exhibits a record low IR drop of 0.064 V at 100 A g^−1 and ultrafast charge/discharge rate up to 10 V s^−1.The related device can be charged up to 77.4%of its maximum capacitance in 0.65 s at 100 A g^−1 in 6 M KOH.It has been found that the 3DCF-DO has a great affinity to EMIMBF4,resulting in a high specific capacitance of 174 F g^−1 at 1 A g^−1,and a high energy density of 34 Wh kg^−1 at an ultrahigh power density of 150 kW kg^−1 at 4 V after a fast charge in 1.11 s.This work provides a facile fabrication of novel 3D carbon frameworks for supercapacitors with ultrafast charge/discharge rate and high energy-power density.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Grant No.2019CFB110)the fund of the Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials(Grant No.1-KF-2019).
文摘Wearable self-powered systems integrated with energy conversion and storage devices such as solar-charging power units arouse widespread concerns in scientific and industrial realms.However,their applications are hampered by the restrictions of unbefitting size matching between integrated modules,limited tolerance to the variation of input current,reliability,and safety issues.Herein,flexible solar-charging self-powered units based on printed Zn-ion hybrid micro-capacitor as the energy storage module is developed.Unique 3D micro-/nano-architecture of the biomass kelp-carbon combined with multivalent ion(Zn2+)storage endows the aqueous Zn-ion hybrid capacitor with high specific capacity(196.7 mAh g^−1 at 0.1 A g^−1).By employing an in-plane asymmetric printing technique,the fabricated quasi-solid-state Zn-ion hybrid microcapacitors exhibit high rate,long life and energy density up to 8.2μWh cm^−2.After integrating the micro-capacitor with organic solar cells,the derived self-powered system presents outstanding energy conversion/storage efficiency(ηoverall=17.8%),solar-charging cyclic stability(95%after 100 cycles),wide current tolerance,and good mechanical flexibility.Such portable,wearable,and green integrated units offer new insights into design of advanced self-powered systems toward the goal of developing highly safe,economic,stable,and long-life smart wearable electronics.
文摘CH4 dissociation on Co(0001) surfaces is an important step, which has been investigated at the level of density functional theory. It is found that CH4 is unfavorable to adsorb on Co(0001), while CH4 favores to dissociate to CH3, CH2 and CH on Co(0001) surface by sequential dehydrogenation. In the whole process of CH4 dehydrogenation, CH4 dissociate to CH3 and H is the rate-determining step. The calculated results show that CH2 and CH exist mainly on Co(0001) surface, while the dehydrogenation of CH into C and H is difficult.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 21474035, 51773072)the HUST Innovation Research Fund (Grant nos. 2016JCTD111, 2017KFKJXX012)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Hubei Province (2017AHB040)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (2016M602289)
文摘Preparation of high-quality films plays an important role to achieve high-performance nonfullerene (NF) organic solar cells. NF active layer films are typically fabricated by spin coating. Novel fabrication methods to process the NF active layer are desirable to be compatible with large-area production. Herein, we report on the fabrication of NF active layer films via a water transfer printing method.This method delivers a uniform film with controllable film thicknesses. NF active layers of PDBD-T:ITIC and PBDB-T-2F:IT-4F were fabricated via the method to validate its effectiveness. Solar cells with the water transfer-printed active layers show comparable performance (up to 11.7%) to the cells with spin-coated active layers. Furthermore, NF solar modules containing 4-sub cells with the active area of 3.2 cm2 are also fabricated via the method. The module shows VOC of up to 3.4 V and a power conversion efficiency of 8.1% with the PBDB-T-2F:IT-4F active layer.
文摘In order to understand IPv6 topology characteristics and dynamic behaviors deeply, and guide the design of IPv6 Internet structure, an Internet IP level topology evolution model (IP-TEM) based on power-law distribution was established. Selected the data of IPv6 IP-level topology from CAIDA Internet Global Research Institute in the year from 2012 to 2016 to analyze the evolution characteristics of IPv6 during the probing period, and then introduced to the characteristic outlier weight to locate the mutation time point to analyze the network topology mutation evolution, it is concluded that the evolution trend of other characteristics and the mutation points of each characteristic outlier weight are basically the same except for the average clustering coefficient. Then simulated the normal evolution and mutation evolution of the network respectively using IP-TEM, the simulation results show that IP-TEM can simulate the normal evolution and partial mutation evolution of the real network.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31925021, 82130022)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0800700, 2022YFA0806403)。
文摘Tobacco smoking is a prevalent and detrimental habit practiced worldwide,increasing the risk of various diseases,including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),cardiovascular disease,liver disease,and cancer.Although previous research has explored the detrimental health effects of tobacco smoking,recent studies suggest that gut microbiota dysbiosis may play a critical role in these outcomes.Numerous tobacco smoke components,such as nicotine,are found in the gastrointestinal tract and interact with gut microbiota,leading to lasting impacts on host health and diseases.This review delves into the ways tobacco smoking and its various constituents influence gut microbiota composition and functionality.We also summarize recent advancements in understanding how tobacco smoking-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis affects host health.Furthermore,this review introduces a novel perspective on how changes in gut microbiota following smoking cessation may contribute to withdrawal syndrome and the degree of health improvements in smokers.
基金supported by the Project of Cultivation for young top-notch Talents of Beijing Municipal Institutions (Grant No.BPHR202203099)。
文摘Salt stress is a major abiotic stress which severely hinders crop production.However,the regulatory network controlling tomato resistance to salt remains unclear.Here,we found that the tomato WRKY transcription factor WRKY57 acted as a negative regulator in salt stress response by directly attenuating the transcription of salt-responsive genes(Sl RD29B and Sl DREB2)and an ion homeostasis gene(Sl SOS1).We further identified two VQ-motif containing proteins Sl VQ16 and Sl VQ21as Sl WRKY57-interacting proteins.Sl VQ16 positively,while Sl VQ21 negatively modulated tomato resistance to salt stress.Sl VQ16 and Sl VQ21 competitively interacted with Sl WRKY57 and antagonistically regulated the transcriptional repression activity of Sl WRKY57.Additionally,the Sl WRKY57-Sl VQ21/Sl VQ16 module was involved in the pathway of phytohormone jasmonates(JAs)by interacting with JA repressors JA-ZIM domain(JAZ)proteins.These results provide new insights into how the Sl WRKY57-Sl VQ21/Sl VQ16 module finely tunes tomato salt tolerance.
基金the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(Nos.20220204008YY and 20210204197YY)Changchun Science and Technology Bureau(No.21ZY15).
文摘Current seasonal influenza vaccines confer only limited coverage of virus strains due to the frequent genetic and antigenic variability of influenza virus(IV).Epitope vaccines that accurately target conserved domains provide a promising approach to increase the breadth of protection;however,poor immunogenicity greatly hinders their application.The protruding(P)domain of the norovirus(NoV),which can self-assemble into a 24-mer particle called the NoV P particle,offers an ideal antigen presentation platform.In this study,a multiepitope nanovaccine displaying influenza epitopes(HMN-PP)was constructed based on the NoV P particle nanoplatform.Large amounts of HMN-PP were easily expressed in Escherichia coli in soluble form.Animal experiments showed that the adjuvanted HMN-PP nanovaccine induced epitope-specific antibodies and haemagglutinin(HA)-specific neutralizing antibodies,the antibodies could persist for at least three months after the last immunization.Furthermore,HMN-PP induced matrix protein 2 extracellular domain(M2e)-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity,CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T-cell responses,a nucleoprotein(NP)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)response.These results indicated that the combination of a multiepitope vaccine and self-assembled NoV P particles may be an ideal and effective vaccine strategy for highly variable viruses such as IV and SARS-CoV-2.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant No.SQ2018YFC100236)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.91857115,81522007,81470554,31401011,and 81700010)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities:Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project of Peking University(grant No.PKU2018LCXQ013,China)Beijing Nova Program(grant No.Z161100004916056,China)
文摘Since metabolic process differs between humans and mice, studies were performed in hamsters, which are generally considered to be a more appropriate animal model for studies of obesityrelated metabolic disorders. The modulation of gut microbiota, bile acids and the farnesoid X receptor(FXR) axis is correlated with obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice. However,the interactions among the gut microbiota, bile acids and FXR in metabolic disorders remained largely unexplored in hamsters. In the current study, hamsters fed a 60% high-fat diet(HFD) were administeredvehicle or an antibiotic cocktail by gavage twice a week for four weeks. Antibiotic treatment alleviated HFD-induced glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis and inflammation accompanied with decreased hepatic lipogenesis and elevated thermogenesis in subcutaneous white adipose tissue(sWAT). In the livers of antibiotic-treated hamsters, cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1(CYP7 B1) in the alternative bile acid synthesis pathway was upregulated, contributing to a more hydrophilic bile acid profile with increased tauro-β-muricholic acid(TβMCA). The intestinal FXR signaling was suppressed but remained unchanged in the liver. This study is of potential translational significance in determining the role of gut microbiota-mediated bile acid metabolism in modulating diet-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis in the hamster.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB12010000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21573253)
基金This study is supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA16020201 and XDA12050104)the National Science and Technology Major Project*Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program,(2018ZX09711002-009).
文摘Understanding the development,regeneration,and disorders of the liver is the major goal in liver biology.Current mechanistic knowledge of human livers has been largely derived from mouse models and cell lines,which fall short in recapitulating the features of human liver cells or the structures and functions of human livers.Organoids as an in vitro system hold the promise to generate organ-like tissues in a dish.Recent advances in human liver organoids also facilitate the understanding of the biology and diseases in this complex organ.Here we review the progress in human liver organoids,mainly focusing on the methods to generate liver organoids,their applications,and possible future directions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51603099, 51672121)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (51425304)
文摘Highly conductive and dispersible Al-doped ZnO(AZO) nanoparticles(NPs) have been successfully prepared by ligand-free colloidal synthesis at low temperature and stabilization by surfactant-aid including ethanolamine(EA), ethylenediamine(EDA),diethylenetriamine(DETA) and triethylenetetramine(TETA). Due to the strong intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions between AZO NPs and the amino groups from surfactants, the inevitable aggregation was suppressed and the surface defect sites were passivated obviously. The existence of electron transfer from the nitrogen of the amino groups to the zinc of AZO,led to a dramatic increase in electrical conductivity. A homogeneous current intensity value up to ~2200 pA for AZO tread by DETA was characterized by conductive atomic force microscopy(C-AFM), which was more superior than that of the reported sol-gel synthesized AZO with the assistance of EA surfactant(refer to 170.7 pA). Furthermore, non-fullerenes solar cells based on PBDB-T:ITIC with AZO-DETA(80 nm) yielded a best device efficiency of 10.7% and kept up prominent PCE exceeding 10%even with more thicker interlayer(95 nm).
基金supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) A-STEP under Grant No.AS3015021R.
文摘The certified power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic photovoltaics(OPV)fabricated in laboratories has improved dramatically to over 19%owing to the rapid development of narrow-bandgap small-molecule acceptors and wide bandgap polymer donor materials.The next pivotal question is how to translate small-area laboratory devices into large-scale commercial applications.This requires the OPV to be solution-processed and flexible to satisfy the requirements of high-throughput and large-scale production such as roll-to-roll printing.This review summarizes and analyzes recent progress in solution-processed flexible OPV.After a detailed discussion from the perspective of the behavior of the narrow bandgap small-molecule acceptor and wide bandgap polymer donor active layer in solution-processed flexible devices,the existing challenges and future directions are discussed.