An Air‑Rechargeable Zn Battery Enabled by Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Cathode

Self-charging power systems collecting energy harvesting technology and batteries are attracting extensive attention.To solve the disadvantages of the traditional integrated system,such as highly dependent on energy supply and complex structure,an airrechargeable Zn battery based on MoS_(2)/PANI cathode is reported.Benefited from the excellent conductivity desolvation shield of PANI,the MoS_(2)/PANI cathode exhibits ultra-high capacity(304.98 mAh g^(−1) in N_(2) and 351.25 mAh g^(−1) in air).In particular,this battery has the ability to collect,convert and store energy simultaneously by an airrechargeable process of the spontaneous redox reaction between the discharged cathode and O2 from air.The air-rechargeable Zn batteries display a high open-circuit voltage(1.15 V),an unforgettable discharge capacity(316.09 mAh g^(−1) and the air-rechargeable depth is 89.99%)and good air-recharging stability(291.22 mAh g^(−1) after 50 air recharging/galvanostatic current discharge cycle).Most importantly,both our quasi-solid zinc ion batteries and batteries modules have excellent performance and practicability.This work will provide a promising research direction for the material design and device assembly of the next-generation self-powered system.

A Self-Powered Fast-Response Ultraviolet Detector of p–n Homojunction Assembled from Two ZnO-Based Nanowires

Nowadays, fabrication of micro/nano-scale electronic devices with bottom-up approach is paid much research attention. Here, we provide a novel micro/nano-assembling method, which is accurate and efficient, especially suitable for the fabrication of micro/nano-scale electronic devices. Using this method, a self-powered ZnO/Sb-doped ZnO nanowire p–n homojunction ultraviolet detector(UVD) was fabricated, and the detailed photoelectric properties were tested. At a reverse bias of -0.1 V under UV light illumination, the photoresponse sensitivity of the UVD was 26.5 and the rise/decay time of the UVD was as short as 30 ms. The micro/nano-assembling method has wide potential applications in the fabrication of specific micro/nano-scale electronic devices.

MoS2-Based Photodetectors Powered by Asymmetric Contact Structure with Large Work Function Difference

Self-powered devices are widely used in the detection and sensing fields.Asymmetric metal contacts provide an effective way to obtain self-powered devices.Finding two stable metallic electrode materials with large work function differences is the key to obtain highly efficient asymmetric metal contacts structures.However,common metal electrode materials have similar and high work functions,making it difficult to form an asymmetric contacts structure with a large work function difference.Herein,Mo2C crystals with low work function(3.8 eV) was obtained by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) method.The large work function difference between Mo2C and Au allowed us to synthesize an efficient Mo2C/MoS2/Au photodetector with asymmetric metal contact structure,which enables light detection without external electric power.We believe that this novel device provides a new direcfor the design of miniature self-powered photodetectors.These results also highlight the great potential of ultrathin Mo2C prepared by CVD in heterojunction device applications.

Study of structure-property relationship of semiconductor nanomaterials by off-axis electron holography

As the scaling down of semiconductor devices, it would be necessary to discover the structure-property relationship of semiconductor nanomaterials at nanometer scale. In this review, the quantitative characterization technique off-axis electron holography is introduced in details, followed by its applications in various semiconductor nanomaterials including group IV, compound and two-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures in static states as well as under various stimuli. The advantages and disadvantages of off-axis electron holography in material analysis are discussed, the challenges facing in-situ electron holographic study of semiconductor devices at working conditions are presented, and all the possible influencing factors need to be considered to achieve the final goal of fulfilling quantitative characterization of the structure-property relationship of semiconductor devices at their working conditions.

基于深度特征融合的鸟鸣识别方法及其可解释性分析

鸟鸣识别是生态监测的重要手段,为进一步提升鸟鸣识别的准确性和鲁棒性,本文提出了1种新的基于深度特征融合的鸟鸣识别方法。该方法首先利用深度特征提取网络对鸟鸣的对数梅尔谱图和补充特征集的深度特征进行提取,再将两种深度特征进行融合,最后使用轻量级梯度提升机(light gradient boosting machine,light GBM)分类器进行分类。本文充分利用深度神经网络的特征提取能力以及light GBM的分类性能,将特征提取和特征分类过程进行分离,从而实现了高准确率的鸟鸣识别。实验结果显示,本文提出的方法在北京百鸟数据集中取得了目前已知的最佳结果,模型的平均准确率达到了98.70%,平均F1分数达到了98.84%。相比传统方法,深度融合特征在鸟鸣识别任务上准确率提升了5.62%以上。同时,引入的light GBM分类器使分类准确率提升了3.02%。此外,在CLO-43SD和Bird CLEF2022比赛的数据集中,本文方法也展现出卓越的性能,分别取得了98.32%和91.12%的平均准确率。本文还引入了类激活图对不同类型鸟鸣的识别结果进行可解释性分析,揭示了神经网络对不同类型鸟鸣的注意力区域差异,为后续的特征选择和模型优化提供了理论依据。研究结果表明,本文方法有效提高了鸟鸣识别的准确率,在3个数据集的测试中均展现出较好的性能,能够为基于鸟鸣识别的生态监测提供有力的技术支撑。

Study of the growth mechanism of a self‑assembled and ordered multi‑dimensional heterojunction at atomic resolution

Multi-dimensional heterojunction materials have attracted much attention due to their intriguing properties,such as high efciency,wide band gap regulation,low dimensional limitation,versatility and scalability.To further improve the performance of materials,researchers have combined materials with various dimensions using a wide variety of techniques.However,research on growth mechanism of such composite materials is still lacking.In this paper,the growth mechanism of multidimensional heterojunction composite material is studied using quasi-two-dimensional(quasi-2D)antimonene and quasione-dimensional(quasi-1D)antimony sulfde as examples.These are synthesized by a simple thermal injection method.It is observed that the consequent nanorods are oriented along six-fold symmetric directions on the nanoplate,forming ordered quasi-1D/quasi-2D heterostructures.Comprehensive transmission electron microscopy(TEM)characterizations confrm the chemical information and reveal orientational relationship between Sb2S3 nanorods and the Sb nanoplate as substrate.Further density functional theory calculations indicate that interfacial binding energy is the primary deciding factor for the self-assembly of ordered structures.These details may fll the gaps in the research on multi-dimensional composite materials with ordered structures,and promote their future versatile applications.

口蹄疫病毒氨基酸改造对其病毒样颗粒稳定性的影响

病毒样颗粒(Viruslikeparticles,VLPs)的稳定性是目前影响口蹄疫VLPs疫苗质量的主要因素。为进一步提升口蹄疫VLPs疫苗的质量,基于口蹄疫病毒三维空间结构,通过动力学分析软件设计并筛选出3个氨基酸改造位点。经点突变试剂盒成功制备出上述3种突变型重组质粒,转化大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21菌株后经体外诱导表达,Ni离子层析柱纯化后,SDS-PAGE结果证明3种氨基酸突变不影响目标蛋白的表达。体外组装获得的3种突变型VLPs稳定性研究结果发现,内部疏水性侧链氨基酸的引入使VLPs的形态变得更加均一(N4017W),且其稳定性比其他两种VLPs明显提高。结果表明,衣壳内部疏水性作用力有助于VLPs的形成且有助于维持衣壳的稳定性,为提高VLPs疫苗质量提供了新的研究思路,有助于推进VLPs疫苗的发展。

Spatial Strategy for the Information Society:Rethinking Smart City

This study examines the topic of the information society from a spatial perspective. It reviews the basic impacts of information technology on urban space in terms of travel behavior, functional organization, and spatial image, and then puts forward the corresponding spatial planning strategy for the information society. Inf luenced by information technology, the concentration/ de-concentration of urban functional organization and the changes in travel demand have increased the complexity of the urban spatial structure, while the city image delivered by digital media promotes the blending of real space and virtual space. According to relevant researches, information society is considered an objective existence, whereas smart city can be perceived as a planning paradigm embodied with a promising vision. Therefore, spatial planning in the information society should be conducted from the two perspectives of both instrumental rationality and value rationality. On the basis of that, this study proposes that the construction of a smart city should foremost improve the spatial effi ciency with the help of information technology, and pay attention to the spatial probability during the process of urban development, so as to bestow the spaces of all levels the adaptability to respond to different scenarios; on the other hand, the spatial strategy of a smart city should return to people-oriented values and shape localized spaces, so as to cope with the challenges of global mobility and ultimately achieve sustainable regional development.

3D Porous MXene Aerogel through Gas Foaming for Multifunctional PressureSensor

The development of smart wearable electronic devices puts forward higher requirements for future flexible electronics. The design of highly sensitive and high-performance flexible pressure sensors plays an important role in promoting the development of flexible electronic devices. Recently, MXenes with excellent properties have shown great potential in the field of flexible electronics. However, the easy-stacking inclination of nanomaterials limits the development of their excellent properties and the performance improvement of related pressure sensors. Traditional methods for constructing 3D porous structures have the disadvantages of complexity, long period, and difficulty of scalability. Here, the gas foaming strategy is adopted to rapidly construct 3D porous MXene aerogels. Combining the excellent surface properties of MXenes with the porous structure of aerogel, the prepared MXene aerogels are successfully used in high-performance multifunctional flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity (306 kPa^(-1)), wide detection range (2.3 Pa to 87.3 kPa), fast response time (35 ms), and ultrastability (>20,000 cycles), as well as self-healing, waterproof, cold-resistant, and heat-resistant capabilities. MXene aerogel pressure sensors show great potential in harsh environment detection, behavior monitoring, equipment recovery, pressure array identification, remote monitoring, and human-computer interaction applications.

Biological function analysis of the phosphorylation sites for Arabidopsis CAP1

Cells need to respond successfully to ever-changing environmental conditions to maintain normal growth.This is achieved through various signal transduction cascades.Receptor-like kinases(RLKs)are involved in many aspects of the growth and development of plants.More than 600 RLKs have been identified and that are involved in various biological processes in

PI3K activation is enhanced by FOXM1D binding to p110 and p85 subunits

Dear Editor,Class I PI3Ks play a central role in cancer progression via its downstream signaling nodes(GSK3,FOXO,mTORC1,etc.).1 Under physiological conditions,the catalytic p110 subunit is stabilized and inhibited by the regulatory p85 subunit in the cytoplasm.1,2 In cancer cells,PI3K activity is aberrantly regulated mostly through excessive upstream growth signals,disinhibition of p110 by genetic alteration of PI3K genes,and deficiency of the phosphatase PTEN.1 Protein interactions between PI3K and overexpressed oncoproteins such as Ras also account for the activation of PI3K in cancer cells.1 Abnormally activated PI3K/AKT pathway is a popular drug target for cancer therapy;therefore,the mechanisms underlying the regulation of PI3K activity need the elaborate exploration.

The pyramid representation of the functional network using resting-state fMRI

Background Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(RS-fMRI)has been proved to be a useful tool to study the brain mechanism in the quest to probe the distinct pattern of inter-region interactions in the brain.As an important application of RSfMRI,the graph-based approach characterizes the brain as a complex network.However,the network is susceptible to its scale that determines the trade-off between sensitivity and anatomical variability.Objective To balance sensitivity and anatomical variability,a pyramid representation of the functional network is proposed,which is composed of five individual networks reconstructed at multiple scales.Methods The pyramid representation of the functional network was applied to two groups of participants,including patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and normal elderly(NC)individuals,as a demonstration.Features were extracted from the multi-scale networks andwere evaluated with their inter-group differences between AD andNC,aswell as the discriminative power in recognizing AD.Moreover,the proposed method was also validated by another dataset from people with autism.Results The different features reflect the highest sensitivity to distinguish AD at different scales.In addition,the combined features have higher accuracy than any single scale-based feature.These findings highlight the potential use ofmulti-scale features asmarkers of the disrupted topological organization in AD networks.Conclusion We believe that multi-scale metrics could provide a more comprehensive characterization of the functional network and thus provide a promising solution for representing the underlying functional mechanism in the human brain on a multi-scale basis.