De novo Transcriptome Analysis in Leymus mollis to Unveil Genes Involved in Salt Stress Response

Leymus mollis,a wild relative of wheat,is very tolerant to salt stress,and has been considered as a valuable genetic resource for wheat breeding.However,the genetic basis for salt tolerance of this species is still largely unknown.In this study,de novo sequencing,assembly and analysis of L.mollis transcriptome in response to salt stress was performed.A total of 110,323 and 112,846 unigenes were generated for the NaCl-free(CK)and 180 mM NaCl-treated(CT)library,respectively.For the two libraries,73,414 unigenes were successfully annotated in five common protein databases,and 7521 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between CK and CT libraries were identified.GO enrichment analysis of the DEGs showed that the significantly enriched GO terms were predominantly involved in environmental adaptation(including“response to abiotic stimulus”,“response to water deprivation”),regulation of signaling pathway(such as“regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling pathway”,“regulation of cell communication”),and photosynthesis(including“response to light stimulus”,“photosynthesis,light harvesting”and“chlorophyll metabolic process”).KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that“mRNA surveillance pathway”,“RNA transport”and“plant hormone signal transduction”were predominantly enriched pathways,followed by several secondary metabolic pathways,photosynthesis,carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism.In addition,DEGs related to osmotic stress,ion homeostasis and oxidative stress,including four dehydrins,five aquaporins,an LmNHX2 and several antioxidant enzymes or proteins genes,were found to be up-regulated in response to salt stress.These results will be helpful for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of salt responses in L.mollis.

灾害事故致命性大出血现场救治流程与规范

致命性大出血是灾害事故现场导致伤员死亡的主要原因之一,每年全世界严重创伤人数高达6000多万[1],因创伤出血而导致死亡150~200万人[2,3,4]。严重创伤出血的现场紧急救治与救援管理充满挑战,若得不到及时有效的救治,创伤后出血和相关的凝血障碍将成为多器官衰竭和死亡的主要原因。因此,现场应对致命性大出血正确止血和规范施救是提高伤员抢救成功率、减少致死致残率的关键。及时、高效的抢救工作需要完善的救治流程及规范的操作技术指导完成。笔者聚焦灾害事故现场致命大出血患者的救治流程(图1),从现场救治、院前院内衔接和转运后送等方面进行阐述。