The anomaly of the summer sea temperature is analyzed by a spatial-temporal synthetically rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function(REOF)at three different depths(0 m,40 m,and 120 m)over the area 110°E^100°W and...The anomaly of the summer sea temperature is analyzed by a spatial-temporal synthetically rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function(REOF)at three different depths(0 m,40 m,and 120 m)over the area 110°E^100°W and 30°S^60°N.The spatial-temporal distribution shows that the“signal”of annual anomaly is stronger in the sub-surface layer than the surface layer,and it is stronger in the eastern equatorial Pacific than in the western area.The spatial structure of the sea temperature anomaly at different layers is related to both the ocean current and the interaction of ocean and atmosphere.The temporal changing trend of the sub-surface sea temperature in different areas shows that the annual mean sea temperature increases and the annual variability evidently increases since the 1980s,and these keep the same trend with the increasing El Nino phenomenon very well.展开更多
Hydrogel bioadhesives represent promising and efficient alternatives to sutures or staples for gastrointestinal(GI)perforation management.However,several concerns remain for the existing bioadhesives including slow an...Hydrogel bioadhesives represent promising and efficient alternatives to sutures or staples for gastrointestinal(GI)perforation management.However,several concerns remain for the existing bioadhesives including slow and/or weak adhesive,poor mechanical strength,low biocompatibility,and poor biodegradability,which largely limit their clinical application in GI perforation repair.In this work,we introduce an in situ injectable Tetra-PEG hydrogel bioadhesive(SS)composed of tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol)amine(Tetra-PEG-NH2)and tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol)succinimidyl succinate(Tetra-PEG-SS)for the sutureless repair of GI defects.The SS hydrogel exhibits rapid gelation behavior and high burst pressure and is capable of providing instant robust adhesion and fluid-tight sealing in the ex vivo porcine intestinal and gastric models.Importantly,the succinyl ester linkers in the SS hydrogel endow the bioadhesive with suitable in vivo degradability to match the new GI tissue formation.The in vivo evaluation in the rat GI injured model further demonstrates the successful sutureless sealing and repair of the intestine and stomach by the SS hydrogel with the advantages of neglectable postsurgical adhesion,suppressed inflammation,and enhanced angiogenesis.Together,our results support potential clinical applications of the SS bioadhesive for the high-efficient repair of GI perforation.展开更多
基金This study is supported by the National Science Foundation of China(91837205,41805032,41975111).
文摘The anomaly of the summer sea temperature is analyzed by a spatial-temporal synthetically rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function(REOF)at three different depths(0 m,40 m,and 120 m)over the area 110°E^100°W and 30°S^60°N.The spatial-temporal distribution shows that the“signal”of annual anomaly is stronger in the sub-surface layer than the surface layer,and it is stronger in the eastern equatorial Pacific than in the western area.The spatial structure of the sea temperature anomaly at different layers is related to both the ocean current and the interaction of ocean and atmosphere.The temporal changing trend of the sub-surface sea temperature in different areas shows that the annual mean sea temperature increases and the annual variability evidently increases since the 1980s,and these keep the same trend with the increasing El Nino phenomenon very well.
基金gratefully acknowledge the support for the work from Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2020YFA0908900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21935011 and 21725403)+2 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(KQTD20200820113012029 and JCYJ20220818100601003)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515110321,2019A1515110511)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials(2022B1212010003).
文摘Hydrogel bioadhesives represent promising and efficient alternatives to sutures or staples for gastrointestinal(GI)perforation management.However,several concerns remain for the existing bioadhesives including slow and/or weak adhesive,poor mechanical strength,low biocompatibility,and poor biodegradability,which largely limit their clinical application in GI perforation repair.In this work,we introduce an in situ injectable Tetra-PEG hydrogel bioadhesive(SS)composed of tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol)amine(Tetra-PEG-NH2)and tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol)succinimidyl succinate(Tetra-PEG-SS)for the sutureless repair of GI defects.The SS hydrogel exhibits rapid gelation behavior and high burst pressure and is capable of providing instant robust adhesion and fluid-tight sealing in the ex vivo porcine intestinal and gastric models.Importantly,the succinyl ester linkers in the SS hydrogel endow the bioadhesive with suitable in vivo degradability to match the new GI tissue formation.The in vivo evaluation in the rat GI injured model further demonstrates the successful sutureless sealing and repair of the intestine and stomach by the SS hydrogel with the advantages of neglectable postsurgical adhesion,suppressed inflammation,and enhanced angiogenesis.Together,our results support potential clinical applications of the SS bioadhesive for the high-efficient repair of GI perforation.