A needs assessment of the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs about HIV/AIDS prevention was conducted among 100 Sudanese and Bantu Somali women immigrants aged 19 years and older, recruited through a communit...A needs assessment of the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs about HIV/AIDS prevention was conducted among 100 Sudanese and Bantu Somali women immigrants aged 19 years and older, recruited through a community organization between April and July 2006. Information was collected by interview using interpreters to administer a 60-item test and a 116-item questionnaire that had been translated into Nuer and Arabic. Women in this study had low levels of education, poor knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention and safer sex practices, and poor attitudes to HIV/AIDS. They believe that HIV/AIDS is a punishment from God, HIV-positive people should be separated from society, carrying a condom indicates having loose morals, women should not experience sexual pleasure, and men should decide when and how to have sexual intercourse. Education, gender, and cultural beliefs are critical in the spread of HIV. Efforts to educate immigrant and displaced populations, particularly women, are essential.展开更多
Cosyntropin has been reported to be effective in the treatment of post-dural puncture headaches, but there is a lack of data on its effectiveness. We compared the efficacy of cosyntropin with that of caffeine in the t...Cosyntropin has been reported to be effective in the treatment of post-dural puncture headaches, but there is a lack of data on its effectiveness. We compared the efficacy of cosyntropin with that of caffeine in the treatment of post-dural puncture headaches. We performed an interim analysis of a prospective, double blinded, trial of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with a post-dural puncture headache. Patients were randomized to receive either intravenous caffeine or intravenous cosyntropin. Values on a 100-mm visual analog scale （VAS） were recorded at 0, 60, and 120 minutes to assess pain. Rescue therapy was documented on the study data forms. Its effectiveness was determined by the need for this therapy. Thirty-seven patients were included and four patients were excluded from the analysis because of protocol violations or incomplete data. Analysis was based on intention-to-treat. Caffeine was 80% （95% CI 60-100%） effective and cosyntropin was 56% （95% CI 33-79%） effective in treating post-dural puncture headaches. The group＇s VAS scores at 0, 60, and 120 minutes were 80 mm, 41 mm, 31 mm for caffeine and 80 mm, 40 mm, 33 mm for cosyntropin, respectively （P=0.66）. Caffeine was not more effective than cosyntropin in treating patients with postdural puncture headaches, and there was no difference in the degree of pain relief on VAS assessment.展开更多
文摘A needs assessment of the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs about HIV/AIDS prevention was conducted among 100 Sudanese and Bantu Somali women immigrants aged 19 years and older, recruited through a community organization between April and July 2006. Information was collected by interview using interpreters to administer a 60-item test and a 116-item questionnaire that had been translated into Nuer and Arabic. Women in this study had low levels of education, poor knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention and safer sex practices, and poor attitudes to HIV/AIDS. They believe that HIV/AIDS is a punishment from God, HIV-positive people should be separated from society, carrying a condom indicates having loose morals, women should not experience sexual pleasure, and men should decide when and how to have sexual intercourse. Education, gender, and cultural beliefs are critical in the spread of HIV. Efforts to educate immigrant and displaced populations, particularly women, are essential.
文摘Cosyntropin has been reported to be effective in the treatment of post-dural puncture headaches, but there is a lack of data on its effectiveness. We compared the efficacy of cosyntropin with that of caffeine in the treatment of post-dural puncture headaches. We performed an interim analysis of a prospective, double blinded, trial of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with a post-dural puncture headache. Patients were randomized to receive either intravenous caffeine or intravenous cosyntropin. Values on a 100-mm visual analog scale （VAS） were recorded at 0, 60, and 120 minutes to assess pain. Rescue therapy was documented on the study data forms. Its effectiveness was determined by the need for this therapy. Thirty-seven patients were included and four patients were excluded from the analysis because of protocol violations or incomplete data. Analysis was based on intention-to-treat. Caffeine was 80% （95% CI 60-100%） effective and cosyntropin was 56% （95% CI 33-79%） effective in treating post-dural puncture headaches. The group＇s VAS scores at 0, 60, and 120 minutes were 80 mm, 41 mm, 31 mm for caffeine and 80 mm, 40 mm, 33 mm for cosyntropin, respectively （P=0.66）. Caffeine was not more effective than cosyntropin in treating patients with postdural puncture headaches, and there was no difference in the degree of pain relief on VAS assessment.
