Evaluation of chemopreventive effect of Fumaria indica against N-nitrosodiethylamine and CCl_4-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Wistar rats

Objective:To investigation the chemopreventive potential of Fumaria indica（F.indica） extract（FIE） on N-nitrosodiethylamine and CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wislar rats.Methods:The experimental animals were divided into six groups（n=6）.Hepatocellular carcinoma was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine（NDEA） in normal saline at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight followed by weekly subcutaneous injections of CCl4（3 mL/kg/week） for 6 weeks,as the promoter of carcinogenic effect.After administration of the carcinogen,200 and 400 mg/kg of FIE were administered orally once a day throughout the study.At the end of 20 weeks,the body weight,liver weight and relative liver weight were measured.The percentage of nodule incidence and liver cancer markers such as aspartate transaminase（AST）,alanine transaminase（ALT）,alkaline phosphatase（ALP）,γ-glutamyl transferase（γ-GT）,total bilirubin level（TBL）,α-feto protein（AFP） and carcinoembryonic antigen were estimated along with histopathological investigation in experimental groups of rats. Results:Obtained results demonstrated that the cotreatment with FIE significantly prevented the decrease of the body weight and also increased in relative liver weight caused by NDEA. The treatment with FIE significantly reduced the nodule incidence and nodule multiplicity in the rats after NDEA administration.The levels of liver cancer markers such as AST,ALT,ALP,γ-glutamyl transferase,TBL,AFP and carcinoembryonic antigen were substantially increased by NDEA treatment.However,FIE treatment significantly reduced the liver injury and restored the entire liver cancer markers.Histological observations of liver tissues too correlated with the biochemical observations.Conclusions:These finding powerfully supports that F.indica exert chemopreventive effect by suppressing the tumor burden and restoring the activities of hepatic cancer marker enzymes on NDEA and CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats.

Nephroprotective activity of Solanum xanthocarpum fruit extract against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and renal dysfunction in experimental rodents

Objective:To evaluate nephroprotective potential of Solarium xanthocarpum(S.xanthocarpum) fruit extract(SXE) against gentamicin(GM) induced nephrotoxicity) and renal dysfunction. Methods:Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into four groups(n=6).Control rats that received normal saline(i.p.) and 0.5%carboxymethyl cellulose(p.o.) per day lor 8 d.Nephrotoxicity was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of GM(100 mg/kg/d for 8 d) and were treated with SXE(200 and 400 mg/kg/d(p.o.) for 8 d).Plasma and urine urea and creatinine,kidney weight,urine output,blood urea nitrogen,renal enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and lipid peroxidation was evaluated along with histopathological investigation in various experimental groupsof rats.Results:It was observed that the GM treatment induced significant elevation(P【0.001) in plasma and urine urea,creatinine,kidney weight,blood urea nitrogen, renal lipid peroxidation along with significant decrement(P【0.001) in urine output,renal enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants.SXE 200 and 400 mg/kg treatment to GM treated rats recorded significant decrement(up to P【0.001) in plasma and mine urea and creatinine, renal lipid peroxidation along with significanl increment(up to P【0.001) in renal enzymatic and non-enzvmatic antioxidants.Histological obsenatioiis of kidney tissues too correlated with the biochemical obsenatioiis.Conclusions:These finding powerfully supports that S,xanthocarpum fruit extract acts in the kidney as a potent scavenger of free radicals to prevent the toxic effects of GM both in the biochemical and histopathological parameters and thus validates its elhnomedicinal use.