Investigations into the Anti-Felting Properties of Sputtered Wool Using Plasma Treatment

In this research the effects of mordant and plasma sputtering treatments on the crystallinity and morphological properties of wool fabrics were investigated. The felting behavior of the treated samples was also studied. We used madder as a natural dye and copper sulfate as a metal mordant. We also used copper as the electrode material in a DC magnetron plasma sputtering device. The anti-felting properties of the wool samples before and after dying was studied, and it was shown that the shrink resistance and anti-felting behavior of the wool had been significantly improved by the plasma sputtering treatment. In addition, the percentage of crystallinity and the size of the crystals were investigated using an X-ray diffractometer, and a scanning electron microscope was used for morphological analysis. The amount of copper particles on the surface of the mordanted and sputtered fabrics was studied using the energy dispersive X- ray （EDX） method, and the hydrophobic properties of the samples were examined using the water drop test. The results show that with plasma sputtering treatment, the hydrophobic properties of the surface of wool become super hydrophobic.

Increase of Diagnostic Mirror Lifetime Using TiN Coated Stainless Steel by Using a Plasma Focus Device

Plasma-surface interaction experiments on TiN coated stainless steel 316L （S.S.316L） using a plasma focus （PF） device have been performed in an attempt to investigate whether we can use the hardness property of TiN against erosion to increase the lifetime of the mirrors used in plasma diagnostics equipment. Firstly, two similar S.S.316L samples were chosen for this purpose. One of the samples was coated with TiN by using a PF device, while the other was kept intact as a reference for investigating the effect of TiN coating. Then, in order to study the coating effects, these samples were exposed to 200 shots of hydrogen plasma with a total duration of 7 s in a tokamak. Before and after exposure, samples were analyzed by using atomic force microscopy （AFM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and a spectrophotometer. It was found that the uncoated sample was severely damaged, its reflection dropped significantly, and it developed some cracks and lines, while no significant change was observed on the surface characteristic of the coated sample. Moreover the weight loss of the uncoated sample was higher in comparison to the coated one. Therefore the results of this experiment showed that the coating of S.S.316L by TiN using a PF device is a useful method to strengthen it against plasma erosion and with further optimization it could possibly be used in preparing plasma diagnostics mirrors.

The Diffusion Coefficient Using Sawtooth Oscillation in IR-T1 Tokamak

The investigation of runaway electrons is expanded by different methods. The aim of this study is to show sawtooth oscillations of hard x-ray emission and with the help of sawtooth oscillations to obtain radial diffusion coefficient and magnetic fluctuations. In the same way, the hard x-ray spectral evaluation is compared in several time intervals and it is shown that during discharge, the energy of the runaway electrons is less than 200？keV. Also, for typical plasmas, population of runaway electrons is measured at seven time intervals of 5ms and temporal evaluation of runaway electron mean energy. The sawtooth-like shape is observed in the hard x-ray range （10–1000？keV）. By the sawtooth oscillation method, the RE diffusion coefficient in radial transport in the IR-T1 plasma is Dr～0.5Dr～0.5m^2s^-1. The magnetic field fluctuation due to magnetic diffusion DmDm is given as br/Bt～10^-4.

Effect of Plasma on the Zeta Potential of Cotton Fabrics

In this work, the effect of a low-temperature plasma on the zeta potential of cotton fabric was studied. The silver particle absorption on cotton fabric when modified by a low-temperature plasma was also investigated. The modification consisted of plasma pre functionalization followed by a one-step wet treatment with silver nitrate solution. The process was performed in a low-temperature plasma medium, using a magnetron sputtering device. Oxygen and nitrogen were used as working gases in the system, and the results were compared. After preparing the samples, the zeta potentials of the untreated and plasma-treated cotton under a constant pH value solution were estimated and compared. Also, Fourier transform infrared spec troscopy （FTIR） was used to examine the functional groups of the corresponding samples. The amounts of silver absorption on plasma treated and untreated cotton were examined using the energy dispersive X-ray （EDX） method. The results show that the amount of zeta potential for the nitrogen plasma treated sample is less and the absorption of silver particles by cotton can be increased strongly with nitrogen plasma treatment.