Interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations have been widely used in plant genetics and breeding to construct stocks for genetic analysis and to introduce into crops the desirable traits and genes from their relativ...Interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations have been widely used in plant genetics and breeding to construct stocks for genetic analysis and to introduce into crops the desirable traits and genes from their relatives. The intergeneric crosses between Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss., B. carinata A. Braun and Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz were made and the plants produced were subjected to genomic in situ hybridization analysis. The mixoploids from the cross with B. juncea were divided into three groups. The partially fertile mixoploids in the first group (2n = 36—42) mainly contained the somatic cells and pollen mother cells (PMCs) with the 36 chromosomes of B. juncea and additional chromosomes of O. violaceus. The mixoploids (2n = 30—36) in the second and third groups were morphologically quite similar to the mother plants B. juncea and showed nearly normal fertility. The plants in the second group produced the majority of PMCs (2n = 36) with their chromosomes paired and segregated normally, but 1—4 pairs of the O. violaceus chromosomes were included in some PMCs. The plants in the third group produced only PMCs with the 36 B. juncea chromosomes, which were paired and segregated normally. The mixoploids (2n = 29—34) from the cross with B. carinata produced the majority of PMCs (2n = 34) with normal chromosome pairing and segregation, but some plants had some PMCs with 1—3 pairs of chromosomes from O. violaceus and other plants had only PMCs with the B. carinata chromosomes. The Brassica homozygous plants and aneuploids with complete or partial chromo-some complements of Brassica parents and various numbers of O. violaceus chromosomes were derived from these progeny plants. The results in this study provided the molecular cytogenetic evidence for the separation of parental genomes which was previously proposed to occur in the hybridizations of these two genera.展开更多
In all countries the political decisions aim to achieve an almost stable configuration with a small number of new infected individuals per day due to Covid-19.When such a condition is reached,the containment effort is...In all countries the political decisions aim to achieve an almost stable configuration with a small number of new infected individuals per day due to Covid-19.When such a condition is reached,the containment effort is usually reduced in favor of a gradual reopening of the social life and of the various economical sectors.However,in this new phase,the infection spread restarts and,moreover,possible mutations of the virus give rise to a large specific growth rate of the infected people.Therefore,a quantitative analysis of the regrowth pattern is very useful.We discuss a macroscopic approach which,on the basis of the collected data in the first lockdown,after few days from the beginning of the new phase,outlines different scenarios of the Covid-19 diffusion for longer time.The purpose of this paper is a demonstration-of-concept:one takes simple growth models,considers the available data and shows how the future trend of the spread can be obtained.The method applies a time dependent carrying capacity,analogously to many macroscopic growth laws in biology,economics and population dynamics.The illustrative cases of France,Italy and United Kingdom are analyzed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30070413) and China Scholarship Council. References
文摘Interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations have been widely used in plant genetics and breeding to construct stocks for genetic analysis and to introduce into crops the desirable traits and genes from their relatives. The intergeneric crosses between Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss., B. carinata A. Braun and Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz were made and the plants produced were subjected to genomic in situ hybridization analysis. The mixoploids from the cross with B. juncea were divided into three groups. The partially fertile mixoploids in the first group (2n = 36—42) mainly contained the somatic cells and pollen mother cells (PMCs) with the 36 chromosomes of B. juncea and additional chromosomes of O. violaceus. The mixoploids (2n = 30—36) in the second and third groups were morphologically quite similar to the mother plants B. juncea and showed nearly normal fertility. The plants in the second group produced the majority of PMCs (2n = 36) with their chromosomes paired and segregated normally, but 1—4 pairs of the O. violaceus chromosomes were included in some PMCs. The plants in the third group produced only PMCs with the 36 B. juncea chromosomes, which were paired and segregated normally. The mixoploids (2n = 29—34) from the cross with B. carinata produced the majority of PMCs (2n = 34) with normal chromosome pairing and segregation, but some plants had some PMCs with 1—3 pairs of chromosomes from O. violaceus and other plants had only PMCs with the B. carinata chromosomes. The Brassica homozygous plants and aneuploids with complete or partial chromo-some complements of Brassica parents and various numbers of O. violaceus chromosomes were derived from these progeny plants. The results in this study provided the molecular cytogenetic evidence for the separation of parental genomes which was previously proposed to occur in the hybridizations of these two genera.
文摘In all countries the political decisions aim to achieve an almost stable configuration with a small number of new infected individuals per day due to Covid-19.When such a condition is reached,the containment effort is usually reduced in favor of a gradual reopening of the social life and of the various economical sectors.However,in this new phase,the infection spread restarts and,moreover,possible mutations of the virus give rise to a large specific growth rate of the infected people.Therefore,a quantitative analysis of the regrowth pattern is very useful.We discuss a macroscopic approach which,on the basis of the collected data in the first lockdown,after few days from the beginning of the new phase,outlines different scenarios of the Covid-19 diffusion for longer time.The purpose of this paper is a demonstration-of-concept:one takes simple growth models,considers the available data and shows how the future trend of the spread can be obtained.The method applies a time dependent carrying capacity,analogously to many macroscopic growth laws in biology,economics and population dynamics.The illustrative cases of France,Italy and United Kingdom are analyzed.
