In this study, phosphorus(P) sorption of thirteen light-weight aggregates(LWAs) from USA was compared during batch equilibrium experiments in order to identify those materials which had the highest P sorption capacity...In this study, phosphorus(P) sorption of thirteen light-weight aggregates(LWAs) from USA was compared during batch equilibrium experiments in order to identify those materials which had the highest P sorption capacity for further study. Seven different levels of sorption activity were observed, which were broadly grouped into three categories—high performing, middle performing, and low performing aggregates. Chemical analysis of Ca, Al, Fe, and Mg was used to describe the differences between LWAs. There was a significant correlation between cation(especially Al, Ca, Fe, and Mg) content and P sorbed. Langmuir isotherms were used to describe P sorption maximum and binding affinity for four of the top five performing LWAs, Universal, Stalite "D", Stalite "Mix", and TXI.The fifth aggregate, Lehigh, exhibited more complex sorption, and was better described by the Freundlich isotherm. Universal had a mean P sorption at the highest concentration of 824 mg kg-1, well above its calculated sorption maximum(702 mg kg-1), and also had the highest binding affinity(1.1 L mg-1). This experiment suggests that the top performing LWA(Universal) may perform poorly in column and field studies due to observed precipitates, which could degrade constructed wetland performance. Other LWAs may exhibit superior field performance due to their high calculated sorption maxima. In general, these results highlight the importance of batch experiments as a first step in identifying materials suitable for column and field experiments.展开更多
Recent measurements of event-by-event elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at S_(NN)^(1/2)=200GeV exhibit large relative fluctuations of about 40%—50%.The data are well described by fluctuations in the shape of the init...Recent measurements of event-by-event elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at S_(NN)^(1/2)=200GeV exhibit large relative fluctuations of about 40%—50%.The data are well described by fluctuations in the shape of the initial collision region,as estimated event-by-event with the participant eccentricity using Glauber Monte Carlo.These results,combined with the demonstrated participant eccentricity scaling of the elliptic flow across nuclear species,constitute evidence of transverse granularity in the initial matter production in these collisions.展开更多
基金Supported by the Soil Characterization Laboratory,University of Masachusetts,Amherst,MA,USA
文摘In this study, phosphorus(P) sorption of thirteen light-weight aggregates(LWAs) from USA was compared during batch equilibrium experiments in order to identify those materials which had the highest P sorption capacity for further study. Seven different levels of sorption activity were observed, which were broadly grouped into three categories—high performing, middle performing, and low performing aggregates. Chemical analysis of Ca, Al, Fe, and Mg was used to describe the differences between LWAs. There was a significant correlation between cation(especially Al, Ca, Fe, and Mg) content and P sorbed. Langmuir isotherms were used to describe P sorption maximum and binding affinity for four of the top five performing LWAs, Universal, Stalite "D", Stalite "Mix", and TXI.The fifth aggregate, Lehigh, exhibited more complex sorption, and was better described by the Freundlich isotherm. Universal had a mean P sorption at the highest concentration of 824 mg kg-1, well above its calculated sorption maximum(702 mg kg-1), and also had the highest binding affinity(1.1 L mg-1). This experiment suggests that the top performing LWA(Universal) may perform poorly in column and field studies due to observed precipitates, which could degrade constructed wetland performance. Other LWAs may exhibit superior field performance due to their high calculated sorption maxima. In general, these results highlight the importance of batch experiments as a first step in identifying materials suitable for column and field experiments.
基金Supported by U.S.DOE Grants DE-AC02-98CH10886,DE-FG02-93ER40802,DE-FG02-94ER40818,DE-FG02-94ER40865,DE-FG02-99ER41099,and DE-AC02-06CH11357by U.S.NSF Grants 9603486,0072204,and 0245011+2 种基金by Polish KBN Grant 1-P03B-062-27 (2004-2007)by NSC of Taiwan Contract NSC 89-2112-M-008-024by Hungarian OTKA Grant F049823
文摘Recent measurements of event-by-event elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at S_(NN)^(1/2)=200GeV exhibit large relative fluctuations of about 40%—50%.The data are well described by fluctuations in the shape of the initial collision region,as estimated event-by-event with the participant eccentricity using Glauber Monte Carlo.These results,combined with the demonstrated participant eccentricity scaling of the elliptic flow across nuclear species,constitute evidence of transverse granularity in the initial matter production in these collisions.
