We present the results of the first commissioning phase of the short-focal-length area of the Apollon laser facility(located in Saclay,France),which was performed with the first available laser beam(F2),scaled to a no...We present the results of the first commissioning phase of the short-focal-length area of the Apollon laser facility(located in Saclay,France),which was performed with the first available laser beam(F2),scaled to a nominal power of 1 PW.Under the conditions that were tested,this beam delivered on-target pulses of 10 J average energy and 24 fs duration.Several diagnostics were fielded to assess the performance of the facility.The on-target focal spot and its spatial stability,the temporal intensity profile prior to the main pulse,and the resulting density gradient formed at the irradiated side of solid targets have been thoroughly characterized,with the goal of helping users design future experiments.Emissions of energetic electrons,ions,and electromagnetic radiation were recorded,showing good laser-to-target coupling efficiency and an overall performance comparable to that of similar international facilities.This will be followed in 2022 by a further commissioning stage at the multipetawatt level.展开更多
The time-of-flight technique coupled with semiconductor detectors is a powerful instrument to provide real-time characterization of ions accelerated because of laser-matter interactions.Nevertheless,the presence of st...The time-of-flight technique coupled with semiconductor detectors is a powerful instrument to provide real-time characterization of ions accelerated because of laser-matter interactions.Nevertheless,the presence of strong electromagnetic pulses(EMPs)generated during the interactions can severely hinder its employment.For this reason,the diagnostic system must be designed to have high EMP shielding.Here we present a new advanced prototype of detector,developed at ENEA-Centro Ricerche Frascati(Italy),with a large-area(15 mm×15 mm)polycrystalline diamond sensor having 150 μm thickness.The tailored detector design and testing ensure high sensitivity and,thanks to the fast temporal response,high-energy resolution of the reconstructed ion spectrum.The detector was offline calibrated and then successfully tested during an experimental campaign carried out at the PHELIX laser facility(E_(L)~100 J,τ_(L)=750 fs,I_(L)(1-2.5)×10^(19)W/cm^(2))at GSI(Germany).The high rejection to EMP fields was demonstrated and suitable calibrated spectra of the accelerated protons were obtained.展开更多
基金The authors acknowledge the facility and the technical assistance of the national research infrastructureApollon.The authorswould also like to thank all teams of the laboratories that contributed to the success of the facility,i.e.,all of theCILEXconsortium,whichwas established to buildApollon.Thisworkwas supported by funding fromthe European Research Council(ERC)under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(Grant Agreement No.787539,Project GENESIS),and by Grant No.ANR-17-CE30-0026-Pinnacle from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche.We acknowledge,in the framework of ProjectGENESIS,the support provided by Extreme Light InfrastructureNuclear Physics(ELI-NP)Phase II,a project co-financed by the Romanian Government and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund,and by the Project No.ELI-RO-2020-23,funded by IFA(Romania)to design,build,and test the neutron detectors used in this project,as well as parts of the OTR diagnostic.JIHT RAS team members are supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(State Assignment No.075-00460-21-00)The study reported here was also funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research,Project No.20-02-00790.The work of the ENEA team members has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusionConsortiumand has received funding from the Euratom research and training program 2014–2018 and 2019-2020 under grant agreement No.633053.
文摘We present the results of the first commissioning phase of the short-focal-length area of the Apollon laser facility(located in Saclay,France),which was performed with the first available laser beam(F2),scaled to a nominal power of 1 PW.Under the conditions that were tested,this beam delivered on-target pulses of 10 J average energy and 24 fs duration.Several diagnostics were fielded to assess the performance of the facility.The on-target focal spot and its spatial stability,the temporal intensity profile prior to the main pulse,and the resulting density gradient formed at the irradiated side of solid targets have been thoroughly characterized,with the goal of helping users design future experiments.Emissions of energetic electrons,ions,and electromagnetic radiation were recorded,showing good laser-to-target coupling efficiency and an overall performance comparable to that of similar international facilities.This will be followed in 2022 by a further commissioning stage at the multipetawatt level.
基金funding from the Euratom research and training program 2014-2018 and 2019-2020 under grant agreement No.633053funding from LASERLAB-EUROPE(grant agreement No.654148,European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program)supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(Agreement with Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS No.075-15-2020-785,dated 23 September 2020).
文摘The time-of-flight technique coupled with semiconductor detectors is a powerful instrument to provide real-time characterization of ions accelerated because of laser-matter interactions.Nevertheless,the presence of strong electromagnetic pulses(EMPs)generated during the interactions can severely hinder its employment.For this reason,the diagnostic system must be designed to have high EMP shielding.Here we present a new advanced prototype of detector,developed at ENEA-Centro Ricerche Frascati(Italy),with a large-area(15 mm×15 mm)polycrystalline diamond sensor having 150 μm thickness.The tailored detector design and testing ensure high sensitivity and,thanks to the fast temporal response,high-energy resolution of the reconstructed ion spectrum.The detector was offline calibrated and then successfully tested during an experimental campaign carried out at the PHELIX laser facility(E_(L)~100 J,τ_(L)=750 fs,I_(L)(1-2.5)×10^(19)W/cm^(2))at GSI(Germany).The high rejection to EMP fields was demonstrated and suitable calibrated spectra of the accelerated protons were obtained.
