明确不同粒色小麦籽粒铁锌含量和生物有效性及其对氮磷肥配施的响应,对小麦高产优质高效生产具有重要意义。本文以6个不同粒色(白粒、红粒和黑粒)小麦品种为材料,在大田条件下研究了不同氮磷肥配比(N1:90 kg N hm^(–2); N_2:240 kg N h...明确不同粒色小麦籽粒铁锌含量和生物有效性及其对氮磷肥配施的响应,对小麦高产优质高效生产具有重要意义。本文以6个不同粒色(白粒、红粒和黑粒)小麦品种为材料,在大田条件下研究了不同氮磷肥配比(N1:90 kg N hm^(–2); N_2:240 kg N hm^(–2); P1:60 kg P_2O_5 hm^(–2); P2:209 kg P_2O_5 hm^(–2))对小麦产量、籽粒铁锌含量及其生物有效性的影响。结果表明,不同品种籽粒铁锌含量和积累量存在年际间差异,黑粒小麦具有较高的铁锌生物有效性。小麦籽粒产量、铁锌含量及积累量在N2P1处理下最高;铁锌生物有效性在N2P2或N2P1处理下最高,两处理之间没有显著差异。红粒小麦扬麦15和扬麦22在N2P1水平下籽粒铁锌含量及其积累量最高, N2P2次之;黑粒小麦周黑麦1号和紫麦1号在N2P2水平下铁含量及其积累量最高, N2P1次之;不同品种的铁锌生物有效性多数在N2P1或N2P2水平下最高,表明适量增施氮肥,有利于提高籽粒产量、铁锌含量及其生物有效性。在本试验条件下综合考虑产量和效率,N2P1 (240 kg N hm^(–2)、60 kg P_2O_5 hm^(–2))处理对提高产量、增加籽粒铁锌含量及其生物有效性效果最佳。展开更多
植株根系的形态和生理特性决定着其获取养分和水分的能力,分析麦田冬小麦根系形态特征、根系活力对水氮的响应及其与地上干物质积累、产量和氮素利用的关系,有利于构建合理的冬小麦根群结构,促进根冠协调生长并提高氮肥利用效率。在麦...植株根系的形态和生理特性决定着其获取养分和水分的能力,分析麦田冬小麦根系形态特征、根系活力对水氮的响应及其与地上干物质积累、产量和氮素利用的关系,有利于构建合理的冬小麦根群结构,促进根冠协调生长并提高氮肥利用效率。在麦田定位试验基础上,采用裂区试验设计,设置2个灌溉主处理(W0:全生育期不灌水、W1:拔节期和开花期各灌水1次)以及3个施氮副处理(N0:0 kg hm^(–2)、N180:180 kg hm^(–2)和N300:300 kg hm^(–2))。结果表明:与W0处理相比,W1抑制根长密度的增加,但增加根系平均直径,提高0~20 cm土层根表面积和根干重密度,显著提高根系活力4.98%~22.7%,降低根冠比1.47%~11.25%;2年平均小麦产量、氮素吸收效率和氮肥偏生产力分别提高15.50%、13.40%和14.91%。施氮促进根系生长,与不施氮处理相比,施氮显著提高根系平均直径、根长密度、根表面积、根干重密度和根系活力,降低根冠比。其中N180更有利于根系生长,提高冬小麦根系各形态指标和根系活力,与N300相比,2年平均产量提高2.53%,而氮素吸收效率和氮肥农学效率分别显著提高44.51%和39.37%。相关分析表明,拔节期至开花期根干重密度与产量、氮利用率呈显著正相关关系;根冠比与产量呈显著负相关关系,与氮利用率呈正相关关系。因此,合理的灌水和施氮能够优化根系形态及分布,提高根系活力,协调根冠干物质分配,提高产量和氮利用率。在冬小麦生产中拔节和开花期各灌水1次结合180 kg hm^(–2)施氮量有利于促进产量和氮素利用效率协同提高。展开更多
The current interest in the health beneifts of whole wheat grain has prompted breeders to further increase the concentration of antioxidants in wheat. The objective of this study was to investigate the variation in an...The current interest in the health beneifts of whole wheat grain has prompted breeders to further increase the concentration of antioxidants in wheat. The objective of this study was to investigate the variation in antioxidant content among Chinese wheat grains and the relationship between antioxidants and grain color and morphological characteristics. A wide variation was observed in the total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant activity （AOA）, of Chinese wheat varieties. Black wheat had the highest mean total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents and the highest AOA, followed by red and white wheats. The grain color parameters were signiifcantly negatively correlated with total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents and AOA among all of the wheat varieties examined, and grain weight was also signiifcantly negatively correlated with these traits. The same correlation between grain weight and antioxidant traits was also observed within individual groups of wheat, which indicates that grain weight may be used as an index for selecting wheat varieties with high AOA. Landraces had signiifcantly higher lfavonoid content than commercial wheat varieties. The results of this study may be useful for breeding nutrient-rich wheat varieties.展开更多
文摘明确不同粒色小麦籽粒铁锌含量和生物有效性及其对氮磷肥配施的响应,对小麦高产优质高效生产具有重要意义。本文以6个不同粒色(白粒、红粒和黑粒)小麦品种为材料,在大田条件下研究了不同氮磷肥配比(N1:90 kg N hm^(–2); N_2:240 kg N hm^(–2); P1:60 kg P_2O_5 hm^(–2); P2:209 kg P_2O_5 hm^(–2))对小麦产量、籽粒铁锌含量及其生物有效性的影响。结果表明,不同品种籽粒铁锌含量和积累量存在年际间差异,黑粒小麦具有较高的铁锌生物有效性。小麦籽粒产量、铁锌含量及积累量在N2P1处理下最高;铁锌生物有效性在N2P2或N2P1处理下最高,两处理之间没有显著差异。红粒小麦扬麦15和扬麦22在N2P1水平下籽粒铁锌含量及其积累量最高, N2P2次之;黑粒小麦周黑麦1号和紫麦1号在N2P2水平下铁含量及其积累量最高, N2P1次之;不同品种的铁锌生物有效性多数在N2P1或N2P2水平下最高,表明适量增施氮肥,有利于提高籽粒产量、铁锌含量及其生物有效性。在本试验条件下综合考虑产量和效率,N2P1 (240 kg N hm^(–2)、60 kg P_2O_5 hm^(–2))处理对提高产量、增加籽粒铁锌含量及其生物有效性效果最佳。
文摘植株根系的形态和生理特性决定着其获取养分和水分的能力,分析麦田冬小麦根系形态特征、根系活力对水氮的响应及其与地上干物质积累、产量和氮素利用的关系,有利于构建合理的冬小麦根群结构,促进根冠协调生长并提高氮肥利用效率。在麦田定位试验基础上,采用裂区试验设计,设置2个灌溉主处理(W0:全生育期不灌水、W1:拔节期和开花期各灌水1次)以及3个施氮副处理(N0:0 kg hm^(–2)、N180:180 kg hm^(–2)和N300:300 kg hm^(–2))。结果表明:与W0处理相比,W1抑制根长密度的增加,但增加根系平均直径,提高0~20 cm土层根表面积和根干重密度,显著提高根系活力4.98%~22.7%,降低根冠比1.47%~11.25%;2年平均小麦产量、氮素吸收效率和氮肥偏生产力分别提高15.50%、13.40%和14.91%。施氮促进根系生长,与不施氮处理相比,施氮显著提高根系平均直径、根长密度、根表面积、根干重密度和根系活力,降低根冠比。其中N180更有利于根系生长,提高冬小麦根系各形态指标和根系活力,与N300相比,2年平均产量提高2.53%,而氮素吸收效率和氮肥农学效率分别显著提高44.51%和39.37%。相关分析表明,拔节期至开花期根干重密度与产量、氮利用率呈显著正相关关系;根冠比与产量呈显著负相关关系,与氮利用率呈正相关关系。因此,合理的灌水和施氮能够优化根系形态及分布,提高根系活力,协调根冠干物质分配,提高产量和氮利用率。在冬小麦生产中拔节和开花期各灌水1次结合180 kg hm^(–2)施氮量有利于促进产量和氮素利用效率协同提高。
基金funded by the Special Funds for AgroScientifc Research in the Public Interest,China (201203031)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011BAD16B07-2)the National Agriculture Technology Research System of China (CARS-03)
文摘The current interest in the health beneifts of whole wheat grain has prompted breeders to further increase the concentration of antioxidants in wheat. The objective of this study was to investigate the variation in antioxidant content among Chinese wheat grains and the relationship between antioxidants and grain color and morphological characteristics. A wide variation was observed in the total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant activity （AOA）, of Chinese wheat varieties. Black wheat had the highest mean total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents and the highest AOA, followed by red and white wheats. The grain color parameters were signiifcantly negatively correlated with total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents and AOA among all of the wheat varieties examined, and grain weight was also signiifcantly negatively correlated with these traits. The same correlation between grain weight and antioxidant traits was also observed within individual groups of wheat, which indicates that grain weight may be used as an index for selecting wheat varieties with high AOA. Landraces had signiifcantly higher lfavonoid content than commercial wheat varieties. The results of this study may be useful for breeding nutrient-rich wheat varieties.
