Critical temperature（Tb） of thermal explosion for energetic materials is estimated from Semenov＇s thermal explosion theory and the non-isothermal kinetic equation da/dt=Aoexp（bT）[1＋（T-T0）b][（a） deduced via r...Critical temperature（Tb） of thermal explosion for energetic materials is estimated from Semenov＇s thermal explosion theory and the non-isothermal kinetic equation da/dt=Aoexp（bT）[1＋（T-T0）b][（a） deduced via reasonable hypotheses, where To is the initial point of the deviation from the baseline of DSC curve. The final formula is （Tb-Te0）{ 1＋1/[1＋（ Tb-T00）b]}=1. We can easily obtain the initial temperature（T0/） and onset temperature（Tci） from the non-isothermal DSC curves, the values of Too and Tc0 from the equation TOi or ei=T00 or c0＋α1βi＋a2βi^2＋…＋aL-2L-2βiL-2, i=1,2,…L, the value of b from the equation： In[β/（Tei-T0i）]=ln[A0/G（a）]＋bTei, so as to calculate the value of Tb. The result obtained with this method coincides completely with the value of Tb obtained by Hu-Yang-Liang-Wu method.展开更多
Two general expressions and their six derived formulae for estimating the critical temperature（Tb） of thermal explosion for energetic materials（EMs） were derived from the Semenov＇s thermal explosion theory and ei...Two general expressions and their six derived formulae for estimating the critical temperature（Tb） of thermal explosion for energetic materials（EMs） were derived from the Semenov＇s thermal explosion theory and eight non-isothermal kinetic equations via reasonable hypothesis. We can easily obtain the values of the initial temperature（T0i） at which DSC curve deviates from the baseline of the non-isothermal DSC curve of EMs, the onset temperature（Tei）, the exothermic decomposition reaction kinetic parameters and the values of Too and Te0 from the equation Toiorei=Tooore0＋α1β1＋α2β2＋...＋αL-2βi^L-2, i=1, 2, …, L and then calculate the values of Tb by means of the six derived formulae. The results obtained with the six derived calculating methods for six trinitromethyl explosives： bis（2,2,2- trinitroethyl-N-nitro） ethylene diamine（BTNEDA）, 2,2,2-trinitroethyl-4,4,4-trinitrobutyrate（TNETB）, bis（2,2,2- trinitroethyl） formal（BNTF）, bis（2,2,2-trinitroethyl-nitramine）（BTNNA）, 2,2,2-trinitroethyl-2,2,2-trinitroethyl-N- nitroamino acetate（TNTNNA） and tetrakis [2,2,2-trinitroethyl] orthoester（TTNOE） agree well with each other.展开更多
Macrophages have been generated from bone marrow progenitor cells （BMPCs） with macrophage colony-stimulating factor （M-CSF）. Rapamycin （rapa） is an immunosuppressive drug, which could prevent renal graft rejecti...Macrophages have been generated from bone marrow progenitor cells （BMPCs） with macrophage colony-stimulating factor （M-CSF）. Rapamycin （rapa） is an immunosuppressive drug, which could prevent renal graft rejection and inhibit tumor growth to yield antiproliferative activity in a variety of malignancies. However, the direct effect of rapa on the development of macrophages is unknown. In this study, we explored the direct effect of rapa on the differentiation and function of macrophages differentiated from mouse BMPCs in vitro in the presence of M-CSF. The experimental data showed that rapa prevented the differentiation of macrophagcs by down-regulating CD80 and CD86 expression but upregulating F4/80 expression, as well as by reducing the capacity of differentiated macrophages to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. Furthermore, the phagocytic capacity of differentiated macrophages was significantly reduced by rapa. Therefore, rapa may directly inhibit macrophage differentiation and function, which may have been one of the major targets for rapa to mediate its immunosuppressive properties.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20573098)
文摘Critical temperature（Tb） of thermal explosion for energetic materials is estimated from Semenov＇s thermal explosion theory and the non-isothermal kinetic equation da/dt=Aoexp（bT）[1＋（T-T0）b][（a） deduced via reasonable hypotheses, where To is the initial point of the deviation from the baseline of DSC curve. The final formula is （Tb-Te0）{ 1＋1/[1＋（ Tb-T00）b]}=1. We can easily obtain the initial temperature（T0/） and onset temperature（Tci） from the non-isothermal DSC curves, the values of Too and Tc0 from the equation TOi or ei=T00 or c0＋α1βi＋a2βi^2＋…＋aL-2L-2βiL-2, i=1,2,…L, the value of b from the equation： In[β/（Tei-T0i）]=ln[A0/G（a）]＋bTei, so as to calculate the value of Tb. The result obtained with this method coincides completely with the value of Tb obtained by Hu-Yang-Liang-Wu method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20573098, 50846021 and 69075036)
文摘Two general expressions and their six derived formulae for estimating the critical temperature（Tb） of thermal explosion for energetic materials（EMs） were derived from the Semenov＇s thermal explosion theory and eight non-isothermal kinetic equations via reasonable hypothesis. We can easily obtain the values of the initial temperature（T0i） at which DSC curve deviates from the baseline of the non-isothermal DSC curve of EMs, the onset temperature（Tei）, the exothermic decomposition reaction kinetic parameters and the values of Too and Te0 from the equation Toiorei=Tooore0＋α1β1＋α2β2＋...＋αL-2βi^L-2, i=1, 2, …, L and then calculate the values of Tb by means of the six derived formulae. The results obtained with the six derived calculating methods for six trinitromethyl explosives： bis（2,2,2- trinitroethyl-N-nitro） ethylene diamine（BTNEDA）, 2,2,2-trinitroethyl-4,4,4-trinitrobutyrate（TNETB）, bis（2,2,2- trinitroethyl） formal（BNTF）, bis（2,2,2-trinitroethyl-nitramine）（BTNNA）, 2,2,2-trinitroethyl-2,2,2-trinitroethyl-N- nitroamino acetate（TNTNNA） and tetrakis [2,2,2-trinitroethyl] orthoester（TTNOE） agree well with each other.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (C30630060)the project for Academic Human Resources Development in Institutions of Higher Learning Under the Jurisdic-tion of Beijing Municipality, China (PHR200907135)+1 种基金the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education of China(KM2009100200006)and the Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine
文摘Macrophages have been generated from bone marrow progenitor cells （BMPCs） with macrophage colony-stimulating factor （M-CSF）. Rapamycin （rapa） is an immunosuppressive drug, which could prevent renal graft rejection and inhibit tumor growth to yield antiproliferative activity in a variety of malignancies. However, the direct effect of rapa on the development of macrophages is unknown. In this study, we explored the direct effect of rapa on the differentiation and function of macrophages differentiated from mouse BMPCs in vitro in the presence of M-CSF. The experimental data showed that rapa prevented the differentiation of macrophagcs by down-regulating CD80 and CD86 expression but upregulating F4/80 expression, as well as by reducing the capacity of differentiated macrophages to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. Furthermore, the phagocytic capacity of differentiated macrophages was significantly reduced by rapa. Therefore, rapa may directly inhibit macrophage differentiation and function, which may have been one of the major targets for rapa to mediate its immunosuppressive properties.
