氨基酸叶面肥对不同蔬菜产量和品质的影响

为了探明氨基酸叶面肥在不同蔬菜上的应用效果,通过对比试验,研究了喷施氨基酸叶面肥对大棚黄瓜、茄子、空心菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:氨基酸叶面肥对黄瓜、茄子、空心菜均有增产作用,增产幅度分别为11.57%、4.43%和12.41%,产投比分别为64.52∶1、53.31∶1、55.14∶1,增产增收效果显著。氨基酸叶面肥对蔬菜品质具有影响,可显著增加黄瓜、茄子、空心菜的总糖含量,分别较对照增加12.00%、22.30%、12.10%,维生素C含量较对照的增加幅度为4.76%、24.80%、10.90%;喷施氨基酸叶面肥有利于提高黄瓜、茄子、空心菜等蔬菜的产量,提升其营养品质并改善口感。

Effects of Amino Acid Foliar Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Different Vegetables

In order to explore the effects of amino acid foliar fertilizer on the yield and quality of different vegetables, we tested the spraying of an amino acid foliar fertilizer(Wanfeng 2) onto the leaves of cucumbers, eggplants and water spinach through contrast experiment in a greenhouse. The results showed that the yield increments of amino acid foliar fertilizer treatments in cucumbers, eggplants and water spinach were 11.57%, 4.43% and 12.41% respectively, and the output-input ratios were 64.52 ∶ 1, 53.31 ∶ 1 and 55.14 ∶ 1 respectively. Amino acid foliar fertilizer can influence the quality of greenhouse vegetables. The total sugar content of the cucumbers, eggplants, and water spinach significantly increased by 12.00%, 22.30%and 12.10% respectively. The vitamin C content increased by 4.76%, 24.80%, and10.90% respectively compared with the control. In conclusion, the spraying of amino acid foliar fertilizer could improve the yield and the nutritive quality of vegetables such as cucumbers, eggplants and water spinach.

湘北枳壳基地的土壤问题与对策

为了解湘北枳壳生产基地的土壤肥力质量现状和存在问题,选取益阳和常德2个枳壳基地,进行野外调查并分析检测土壤肥力指标。结果表明:土壤质地以轻黏土为主,土质较黏重;土壤呈强酸性、酸性反应,土壤有机质、全量养分(全氮、全钾)和速效养分(碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾)含量处于中、高水平,但全磷含量偏低,处于低水平。枳壳基地的地面植被覆盖率低,局部有水土流失现象,施肥方式有待改进。在枳壳栽培中,应注重改良土壤质地过黏和土壤过酸问题、增施有机肥与适量配施化肥、提高地面植被覆盖度和管理水平,确保湘枳壳的优质高效生产。

连续4a施有机肥降低紫泥田镉活性与稻米镉含量

商品有机肥由于可能含镉(Cd),并在施入后对水稻土中Cd的有效性具有"抑制"和"激活"的双重作用,导致施有机肥的稻米降Cd效应目前仍存在较大不确定性.通过选取湘东地区典型水稻土(紫泥田土种),连续4 a定位监测了大田施用商品有机肥对双季稻稻米的降Cd效应,探索稻米Cd含量与双季稻不同生育期土壤Cd有效性、土壤因子(pH、土壤活性有机碳组分与铁氧化物)的关系.结果表明,施有机肥降低双季稻糙米Cd含量28%~56%,且晚稻糙米Cd含量降幅(43%~56%)高于早稻糙米Cd含量的降幅(28%~45%),降幅的年际波动小.一方面,施有机肥也导致双季稻某些生育期(分蘖盛期自齐穗期)土壤有效态Cd含量平均下降6%~7%;土壤交换态Cd含量降低11%,土壤有机结合态Cd含量提高14%,直接反映土壤Cd有效性的降低.另一方面,施有机肥也稳定提升土壤pH值0.1~0.3个单位,促进土壤环境由酸性向微酸性发展,土壤活性有机碳组分(轻组有机碳、粗颗粒有机碳和细颗粒有机碳)含量大幅提升(53%、77%和107%),间接反映土壤Cd有效性的降低.本研究表明,紫泥田连续施有机肥后,土壤Cd有效性下降是双季稻米Cd含量降低的关键驱动因素.